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The student nurse correctly recognizes that which one of the following findings is best supported by genetic studies in the etiology of schizophrenia?
- A. If a person has schizophrenia, distant relatives are also at risk.
- B. That there is no relationship at all between schizophrenia and genetics.
- C. That there is a weak correlation between genetics and schizophrenia.
- D. That schizophrenia is at least partially inherited.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Genetic studies, particularly twin studies, show schizophrenia is partially inherited, with a 50% risk in identical twins, ruling out no or weak genetic correlations.
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Which of the following are central components of a psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery program?
- A. Working with clients to have an improved quality of life according to society point of view
- B. Working with clients to manage their own lives
- C. Working with clients to make effective treatment decisions
- D. Working with clients to have an improved quality of life from the client's point of view
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Rehabilitation focuses on client-driven goals like managing life, making treatment decisions, and improving quality of life from the client's perspective, not society's.
Which of the following questions would best help the nurse to evaluate the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications for a client who has schizophrenia?
- A. Have the symptoms you were experiencing disappeared?
- B. If the symptoms have not disappeared, are you able to carry out your daily life despite the persistence of some psychotic symptoms?
- C. Are you committed to taking the medication as prescribed?
- D. Are you satisfied with your quality of life?
- E. Do you have access to community agencies that will help you to live successfully in this community?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Questions about symptom reduction, daily functioning, adherence, and quality of life directly evaluate medication effectiveness, unlike community agency access.
A client asks the nurse upon discharge, 'What should I do if I forget to take my medicine?' The nurse should explain to the client which of the following?
- A. Just double the dose next time it is scheduled.
- B. Skip that dose and resume your regular with the next dose.
- C. Don't miss doses, or you will not maintain therapeutic drug levels.
- D. If you remember within 3 to 4 hours later than it is due, take it then. If you remember more than 4 hours after it was due, do not take that dose.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking a missed dose within 3-4 hours maintains therapeutic levels, but skipping it if later avoids disruption, unlike doubling doses or vague warnings.
During the nursing assessment, a client describes constantly hearing voices mumbling in the background. The client denies that the voices are telling him to do anything harmful. The nurse documents that the client is experiencing which of the following?
- A. Command hallucinations
- B. Auditory hallucinations
- C. Olfactory hallucinations
- D. Gustatory hallucinations
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hearing non-command voices indicates auditory hallucinations, the most common type in schizophrenia, distinct from command, olfactory, or gustatory hallucinations.
The nurse reviews current literature and identifies that which of the following are included in current studies of biologic theories regarding the etiology of schizophrenia?
- A. That there is a particular pathologic structure associated with the disease.
- B. That genetics is the cause of schizophrenia.
- C. Persons with schizophrenia have decreased brain volume and abnormal brain function in the frontal and temporal areas of persons with schizophrenia.
- D. The brain activity of persons with schizophrenia differs from people who do not have schizophrenia.
- E. That the etiology of schizophrenia may be related to the body's response to exposure of a virus.
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Biologic theories include genetics, decreased brain volume, abnormal brain function, and immunovirology (viral response), but no specific pathologic structure has been identified.