Nokea
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is:
- A. product
- B. respiration
- C. metabolism
- D. synthesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. It involves all the processes that break down molecules to release energy (catabolism) and build new molecules to support growth and maintenance (anabolism). Respiration refers specifically to the process of generating energy from the breakdown of glucose molecules. Synthesis is the creation of complex molecules from simpler ones. Therefore, metabolism is the most comprehensive term that encompasses all these processes within an organism.
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Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water?
- A. the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- B. the results of the polarity are covalent bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- C. the results of the polarity are ionic bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
- D. the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polarity is the most important characteristic of water because it results in hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties. These unique properties enable water to form hydrogen bonds with other substances, resist temperature changes, and dissolve a wide variety of solutes, making it essential for life processes. Choice B is incorrect because water exhibits hydrogen bonding, not covalent bonding. Choice C is incorrect as water does not form ionic bonds. Choice D is incorrect because water has a high, not low, specific heat value, which is vital for its role in temperature regulation.
Which of the following organisms would not have eukaryotic cells?
- A. Bacteria
- B. Dog
- C. Human
- D. Onion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Bacteria. Bacteria do not have eukaryotic cells. They are single-celled organisms with prokaryotic cells. Dogs, humans, and onions are all multicellular organisms that possess eukaryotic cells. Therefore, choices B, C, and D have eukaryotic cells and are not the correct answer.
Which of the following is false?
- A. Animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells
- B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy
- C. Plant cells have a cell wall to maintain structure
- D. All of the above are true
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement "B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy" is false. Chloroplasts are only present in plant cells and certain algae, where they are responsible for photosynthesis to generate energy from sunlight. Animal cells rely on other organelles, such as mitochondria, for energy production. Choice A is true because animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells and cellular waste. Choice C is true as plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose that provides structural support and protection.
Which of the following statements about the respiratory system is true?
- A. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing
- B. Organs included in the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
- C. The respiratory system conveys oxygen into our bodies and removes carbon dioxide from our bodies
- D. All of the Above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Additionally, the respiratory system is responsible for conveying oxygen into our bodies and removing carbon dioxide from our bodies. Therefore, all the statements provided are true, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C are all accurate statements about the respiratory system, reinforcing the correctness of choosing option D.
Genes control heredity in man and other organisms. This gene is ___
- A. A segment of DNA
- B. A bead-like structure on the chromosomes
- C. A protein molecule
- D. A segment of RNA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Genes are sections of DNA that contain instructions for building and operating living organisms. These sections of DNA contain the genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next. Genes are composed of specific sequences of nucleotides within the DNA molecule. Therefore, genes are best described as segments of DNA. Choice A is correct. Choice B is incorrect because genes are not bead-like structures on chromosomes but specific sequences of DNA. Choice C is incorrect because genes are not protein molecules but rather sequences of nucleotides. Choice D is incorrect because genes are not segments of RNA but DNA.