Nokea
The surface area of the alveoli is about
- A. 80 m2
- B. 70m2
- C. 60m2
- D. 90m2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 80 m2. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. The surface area of the alveoli is crucial for efficient gas exchange. The average adult human has around 300 million alveoli with a total surface area of about 70-100 m2, making option A the most accurate. Option B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not fall within the typical range of alveolar surface area. It is important to remember the importance of the large surface area of the alveoli in facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which assessment findings aren't consistent with a client diagnosis of right-sided heart failure?
- A. Collapsed neck veins
- B. Distended abdomen
- C. Dependent edema
- D. Decreased appetite
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because collapsed neck veins are not consistent with right-sided heart failure. In right-sided heart failure, venous congestion leads to jugular venous distention, not collapse. Distended abdomen (choice B) occurs due to fluid accumulation in the abdomen, a common finding in right-sided heart failure. Dependent edema (choice C) results from fluid retention in the lower extremities, also seen in right-sided heart failure. Decreased appetite (choice D) can be present due to abdominal discomfort from fluid accumulation. Therefore, the presence of collapsed neck veins is the only assessment finding that is not indicative of right-sided heart failure.
which of the following is a chronic respiratory disorder caused by smoking?
- A. asthma
- B. emphysema
- C. respiratory alkalosis
- D. Acidosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is a chronic respiratory disorder specifically caused by smoking. Smoking damages the air sacs in the lungs, leading to shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Asthma is a separate condition involving airway inflammation. Respiratory alkalosis and acidosis refer to imbalances in blood pH levels, not directly caused by smoking.
While assessing an acutely ill patient's respiratory rate, the nurse assesses four normal breaths followed by an episode of apnea lasting 20 seconds. How should the nurse document this finding?
- A. Eupnea
- B. Apnea
- C. Biot's respiration
- D. Cheyne-Stokes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Biot's respiration. Biot's respiration is characterized by regular breathing interrupted by periods of apnea. In this scenario, the nurse observed normal breaths followed by a 20-second episode of apnea, which aligns with Biot's respiration. It is crucial to document this finding accurately to ensure appropriate care.
Incorrect answers:
A: Eupnea refers to normal breathing without any interruptions or irregularities. The presence of apnea in the scenario rules out eupnea.
B: Apnea would be an incomplete assessment as it does not capture the alternating pattern of normal breaths and apnea observed in Biot's respiration.
D: Cheyne-Stokes breathing involves a cyclical pattern of gradually increasing and decreasing breathing rates, which is not evident in the scenario described.
In human beings, rib case and sternum move upwardly and outwardly during
- A. Exercise
- B. Sudden back injury
- C. Expiration
- D. Inspiration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, while the intercostal muscles contract to lift the rib cage and sternum upward and outward to increase lung volume for air intake. This creates a negative pressure in the lungs, allowing air to be drawn in. In contrast, expiration involves relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, leading to the rib cage and sternum moving downward and inward to expel air. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Inspiration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically involve the physiological process of rib cage and sternum movement related to breathing.
The nurse is caring for a first-day postoperative thoracotomy patient. The nurse assesses that
the level of drainage has not increased over the last 3 hours. After assessing the patient’s
respiratory status, what should the nurse do next?
- A. Raise the system above the patient's heart.
- B. Check the tubing for kinks.
- C. Reposition the patient.
- D. Notify the physician.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check the tubing for kinks. This is the best next step because stagnant drainage could be caused by a kink in the tubing, obstructing proper drainage. By checking for kinks, the nurse ensures proper functioning of the drainage system, preventing potential complications such as fluid buildup or infection.
Raising the system above the patient's heart (A) may not address the underlying issue of kinked tubing. Repositioning the patient (C) may not be necessary if the drainage is not related to patient positioning. Notifying the physician (D) should be done after checking the tubing for kinks, as it is important to troubleshoot and address the issue promptly.