Nokea
The therapeutic approach in the care of an autistic child include the following EXCEPT:
- A. Engage in diversionary activities when acting out
- B. Provide an atmosphere of acceptance
- C. Provide safety measures
- D. Rearrange the environment to activate the child
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rearranging the environment to activate the child may overstimulate an autistic child, who typically benefits from consistency and calm settings.
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The inability to fall asleep or stay asleep is called:
- A. Insomnia.
- B. Narcolepsy.
- C. Hypersomnia.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insomnia. Insomnia refers to the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, leading to difficulties in getting enough sleep. It is a common sleep disorder affecting many people. Narcolepsy (B) is a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. Hypersomnia (C) is a condition involving excessive daytime sleepiness but differs from insomnia. Choice D is incorrect as the term "insomnia" precisely describes the inability to fall or stay asleep.
Which information is most important to obtain during assessment of an older adult diagnosed with a mental disorder?
- A. Functional ability and emotional status
- B. Chronological age and sexual function
- C. Economic status and sources of income
- D. Developmental history, interests, and activities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Information related to functional ability and emotional status provides an overview of patient problems and abilities. It guides selection of interventions and services to meet identified needs. The distracters reflect information of relevance, but are not of highest priority.
A patient with anorexia nervosa begins to refuse food. The nurse should first:
- A. Speak with the patient's family about the refusal.
- B. Focus on the patient's emotional distress and discuss it.
- C. Redirect the patient to a different activity to distract them.
- D. Encourage the patient to eat a small, manageable portion of food.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because encouraging the patient to eat a small, manageable portion of food is the most immediate and vital intervention in addressing the patient's refusal to eat. This step is crucial in preventing further complications associated with anorexia nervosa, such as malnutrition and dehydration. By starting with a small portion, the patient can gradually reintroduce food and begin the process of recovery.
A: Speaking with the family may be important but not the first step in addressing the patient's refusal to eat.
B: Focusing on emotional distress is important but addressing the physical need for food should take priority.
C: Redirecting the patient to a different activity may temporarily distract them but does not address the underlying issue of malnutrition.
When a patient with anorexia nervosa expresses a fear of weight gain, the nurse should respond by:
- A. Minimizing the patient's concerns to avoid anxiety.
- B. Encouraging weight loss to meet the patient's goals.
- C. Explaining that weight gain is part of the treatment plan.
- D. Agreeing with the patient's view on body image to reduce conflict.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: Explaining that weight gain is part of the treatment plan. This answer is correct because in treating anorexia nervosa, it is essential for patients to understand that weight gain is necessary for recovery and overall health improvement. By explaining this, the nurse can help the patient develop a more positive attitude towards weight gain and recognize it as a crucial aspect of the treatment process.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect:
A: Minimizing the patient's concerns may invalidate their feelings and hinder therapeutic communication.
B: Encouraging weight loss would be counterproductive and reinforce the patient's negative behaviors and beliefs.
D: Simply agreeing with the patient's view on body image without addressing the need for weight gain would not promote positive change or support the patient's recovery.
When people successfully adapt to their environment by using logical thought and socially appropriate ways, they are said to be functioning at the adaptive end of the _____ continuum.
- A. Emotional
- B. Self-protective
- C. Neurobiological
- D. Psychobiological
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Neurobiological. This is because neurobiological factors refer to the brain's functioning and how it affects behavior and cognition. When individuals adapt to their environment using logical thought and socially appropriate ways, it indicates a high level of cognitive and behavioral functioning, which is closely tied to neurobiological processes.
A: Emotional is incorrect because emotional factors focus on feelings and affective responses, not necessarily on logical thought and social appropriateness.
B: Self-protective is incorrect as it pertains to behaviors aimed at ensuring one's safety and security, which may not necessarily involve logical thought and social appropriateness.
D: Psychobiological is incorrect as it encompasses the interaction between psychological and biological processes, which may not specifically relate to adaptive functioning in the given context.