Nokea
The third stage of labor lasts about __________.
- A. 5 to 10 minutes
- B. 20 to 50 minutes
- C. 4 to 6 hours
- D. 12 to 14 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 5 to 10 minutes. The third stage of labor typically lasts about 5 to 10 minutes. This stage begins after the baby is born and ends when the placenta is delivered. It is the shortest stage of labor compared to the first and second stages. Choice B, 20 to 50 minutes, is incorrect as it is too long for the duration of the third stage. Choice C, 4 to 6 hours, and Choice D, 12 to 14 hours, are also incorrect as they are significantly longer than the actual duration of the third stage of labor.
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Mothers who __________ have fewer birth complications and shorter labors.
- A. choose cesarean delivery
- B. give birth at home
- C. are supported by a trained companion during childbirth
- D. are administered epidural analgesia during childbirth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to research, mothers who are supported by a trained companion during childbirth have fewer birth complications and shorter labors. This support can reduce stress and anxiety levels, provide comfort and encouragement, and help the mother feel more in control during labor and delivery. Overall, having a trained companion present can contribute to a more positive childbirth experience for the mother. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the research findings that specifically highlight the benefits of having a trained companion during childbirth.
What is the function of the amniotic fluid?
- A. Delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
- B. Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant
- C. Delivers nutrients and removes waste products
- D. Produces blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.' Amniotic fluid helps maintain a stable and warm environment for the developing organism, assisting in regulating the temperature. This fluid also acts as a cushion, protecting the fetus from physical harm. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while amniotic fluid provides protection and support to the developing organism, it does not directly deliver food, oxygen, nutrients, or remove waste products, nor does it produce blood cells as the organs eventually take over this function.
Which statement provides an example of an age-graded influence?
- A. Paul learned to play the violin at a young age.
- B. Jack enjoys hiking in the mountains.
- C. Sarah prefers reading mystery novels.
- D. Alex excels in mathematics.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The corrected statement 'Paul learned to play the violin at a young age' provides an example of an age-graded influence. This is because learning to play the violin is a behavior that is typical or expected at a certain age, reflecting how age influences individuals' experiences and development. In contrast, choices B, C, and D do not directly relate to age-graded influences. Jack's enjoyment of hiking, Sarah's preference for reading mystery novels, and Alex's proficiency in mathematics are not inherently tied to age-related developmental influences.
What did Ivan Pavlov discover?
- A. observational learning
- B. classical conditioning
- C. the ego's positive contributions to development
- D. the clinical method
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning. This is a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate at the sound of a bell, demonstrated this principle. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Pavlov's work primarily focused on classical conditioning, not observational learning, ego contributions to development, or the clinical method.
According to psychosexual theory, what is crucial for healthy personality development?
- A. Children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world.
- B. Directly observable events are the appropriate focus of psychological study.
- C. How parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years.
- D. The ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring attitudes and skills.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to psychosexual theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development. This theory suggests that personality development is heavily influenced by a child's experiences during early stages of development, particularly related to handling sexual and aggressive impulses. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the core principles of psychosexual theory, which focuses on the importance of early childhood experiences, especially in the context of sexual and aggressive drives.