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The transplant clinic coordinator is evaluating relatives of a patient with end-stage renal disease, whose blood type is A positive, for suitability as aa bliirvb.icnogm /dteostn or for kidney transplantation. Which family member best qualifies for evaluation?
- A. A 65-year-old brother with a history of hypertension; b lood type A positive
- B. A 35-year-old female with a history of food allergies; blood type O negative
- C. A 14-year-old son, otherwise healthy with no history; blood type B negative
- D. A 70-year-old mother, with a history of sinus infection s; blood type A positive
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the 70-year-old mother with blood type A positive. This choice is the best candidate for evaluation due to her blood type matching the patient's (A positive) for kidney transplantation. Age and medical history are also crucial factors in determining suitability. The 65-year-old brother (choice A) has hypertension, a significant risk factor. The 35-year-old female (choice B) with food allergies may have potential complications. The 14-year-old son (choice C) is underage and might not be a suitable donor due to age and the potential impact on his growth and development. In summary, choice D aligns with the matching blood type and age, making the mother the most suitable candidate for evaluation.
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A critically ill patient who is intubated and agitated is restrained with soft wrist restraints. Based on research findings, what is the best nursing action?
- A. Maintain the restraints to protect patient safety.
- B. Remove the restraints periodically to check skin integrity.
- C. Remove the restraints periodically for range of motion.
- D. Assess and intervene for causes of agitation. Answer Key
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Assess and intervene for causes of agitation. In a critically ill patient, agitation while intubated could indicate underlying issues like pain, delirium, or inadequate sedation. By assessing and addressing the root cause of agitation, the nurse can improve patient comfort and prevent potential harm from restraints. Removing restraints periodically for skin integrity (B) and range of motion (C) is important but should not be the primary focus when agitation is present. Maintaining restraints (A) without addressing the agitation could lead to increased distress and potential complications.
What is the most important outcome of effective communi cation?
- A. Demonstrating caring practices to family members.
- B. Ensuring that patient teaching is provided
- C. Meeting the diversity needs of patients.
- D. Reducing patient errors.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because reducing patient errors is the most important outcome of effective communication in healthcare. Clear and accurate communication among healthcare providers and patients can prevent misunderstandings, leading to fewer errors in diagnosis, treatment, and medication administration. This ultimately improves patient safety and outcomes.
A: Demonstrating caring practices to family members is important but not the most crucial outcome of effective communication in healthcare.
B: Ensuring that patient teaching is provided is essential, but patient safety through error reduction takes precedence.
C: Meeting the diversity needs of patients is crucial for patient-centered care, but error reduction directly impacts patient safety, making it more critical.
The nurse is caring for a patient who sustained a head injury and is unresponsive to painful stimuli. Which intervention is most appropriate while bathaibnirgb. ctohme/ tpesatt ient?
- A. Ask a family member to help you bathe the patient, and discuss the family structure with the family member during the procedure .
- B. Because the patient is unconscious, complete care as q uickly and quietly as possible.
- C. Inform the patient of the day and time, and what kind o f care you are providing.
- D. Turn the television on to the evening news so that you and the patient can be updated to current events.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Because the patient is unconscious, complete care as quickly and quietly as possible. This is the most appropriate intervention as it prioritizes the patient's comfort and minimizes unnecessary stimulation. Performing care quickly reduces the time the patient is exposed to potentially uncomfortable procedures. Being quiet also helps create a calming environment for the patient, which is important for someone who is unresponsive.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Asking a family member to help and discussing family structure is not appropriate as it can be intrusive and may not be relevant or beneficial to the patient's care.
C: Informing the patient of the day and time is unnecessary as the patient is unresponsive. Providing care is more crucial than updating the patient.
D: Turning on the television is inappropriate as it introduces unnecessary noise and distraction, which can be overwhelming for an unresponsive patient.
Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care for a female client with severe postpartum depression who is admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit?
- A. Restrict visitors who irritate the client.
- B. Full rooming-in for the infant and mother.
- C. Supervised and guided visits with infant.
- D. Daily visits with her significant other.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because supervised and guided visits with the infant allow the client to bond with her baby in a safe and structured environment, promoting maternal-infant attachment while ensuring the safety and well-being of both. Restricting visitors who irritate the client (choice A) may increase feelings of isolation and distress. Full rooming-in for the infant and mother (choice B) may overwhelm the client with severe postpartum depression. Daily visits with her significant other (choice D) may not directly address the client's need for bonding with her infant.
The critical care nurse knows that in critically ill patients, renal dysfunction
- A. is a very rare problem.
- B. affects nearly two thirds of patients.
- C. has a low mortality rate once renal replacement therapy has been initiated.
- D. has little effect on morbidity, mortality, or quality of life.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Renal dysfunction is common in critically ill patients due to various factors like sepsis, hypotension, and nephrotoxic medications. This affects nearly two thirds of patients, making it a significant issue in critical care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A is wrong because renal dysfunction is not rare in critically ill patients. C is incorrect as renal replacement therapy does not guarantee low mortality rates. D is inaccurate as renal dysfunction can have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in critically ill patients.