Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions

Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions Related

Review Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions related questions and content

The trauma unit nurse has received a report on a client who has multiple injuries following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first?

  • A. Evaluate chest expansion.
  • B. Check pupillary response to light.
  • C. Assess the capillary refill.
  • D. Check the client's response to questions about place and time.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Evaluate chest expansion. This is the priority action because it assesses the client's airway and breathing, which are critical for survival. Checking chest expansion helps to identify any potential respiratory compromise or underlying lung injuries. Assessing pupillary response (B) and capillary refill (C) are important, but they are secondary to ensuring adequate oxygenation. Checking the client's orientation to place and time (D) is important for neurological assessment but is not as critical as assessing airway and breathing in this scenario.

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An 80-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her daughter, who says her mother has refused to eat for 6 days. The mother says she stays in her room all of the time because the family is mean to her when she eats or watches TV with them. She says her daughter brings her only one meal a day and that meal is cold leftovers from the family’s meals days before.

  • A. Neglect
  • B. Emotional abuse
  • C. Weight loss
  • D. Decreased muscle mass
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The scenario describes neglect (insufficient food provision) and emotional abuse (isolation due to perceived meanness).

A client is postoperative with shallow respirations at 9/min. Which acid-base imbalance should the nurse identify the client as being at risk for developing initially?

  • A. Respiratory acidosis
  • B. Respiratory alkalosis
  • C. Metabolic acidosis
  • D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory acidosis. Shallow respirations at 9/min indicate hypoventilation, leading to retention of CO2 and respiratory acidosis. This is because inadequate removal of CO2 results in an increase in carbonic acid concentration, leading to a decrease in blood pH. Respiratory alkalosis (B) is unlikely with shallow respirations. Metabolic acidosis (C) results from nonrespiratory factors. Metabolic alkalosis (D) is not related to respiratory rate.

Until doctor's orders are received, the most appropriate position for Mr. Jones, admitted with retinal detachment, is lying

  • A. flat on his back
  • B. on his left side
  • C. on his right side
  • D. on his abdomen
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lying on the affected side (left side) helps reduce movement of the detached retina, minimizing further damage until definitive treatment can be administered.

In a client receiving opiate therapy, which of the following should the nurse closely monitor for in order to minimize the risk for imbalanced nutrition?

  • A. Diarrhea
  • B. Anorexia and nausea
  • C. GI tract infection
  • D. Gastric ulcer
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because opiates commonly cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and anorexia, which can lead to nutritional imbalances.

When assigning staff to patients who are receiving chemotherapy, what is the major consideration about chemotherapeutic drugs?

  • A. During preparation,drugs may be absorbed through the skin or inhaled.
  • B. Many chemotherapeutics are vesicants.
  • C. Chemotherapeutics are frequently given through central venous access devices.
  • D. Oral and venous routes are the most common.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Safety precautions during drug preparation are paramount due to the potential for hazardous exposure to healthcare workers.

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