Nokea
The treatment of the patient is best performed by which methods (Select one that doesn't apply)?
- A. Intravenous indomethacin
- B. Surgical closure
- C. Catheter coil closure
- D. Digoxin until the PDA closes spontaneously
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indomethacin, surgical closure, and catheter coil closure are standard treatments for patent ductus arteriosus.
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Changes that occur in CVS and Respiratory system at birth
- A. Increase in pulmonary Vascular resistance
- B. Increase in Oxygen concentration in Aorta
- C. Increase in the right Ventricular Pressure
- D. Reversal of flow through the ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At birth, oxygen concentration increases in the aorta as lungs begin functioning.
In the most common type of CAH:
- A. Autosomal dominant transmission occurs
- B. II -Hydroxylase is deficient
- C. Hypertension is seen
- D. 17-OH progesterone is increased
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 17-OH progesterone is increased: In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), the most common form is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, leading to increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.
The nurse has provided home care instructions to the parents of a child who is being discharged after cardiac surgery. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further instructions?
- A. “A balance of rest and exercise is important.â€
- B. “I can apply lotion or powder to the incision if it is itchy.â€
- C. “Activities in which my child could fall need to be avoided for 2-4 weeks.â€
- D. “We should avoid going to places like the mall or grocery stores for at least 2 weeks after surgery.â€
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applying lotion or powder to the incision can increase the risk of infection. Parents should be instructed to keep the incision clean and dry.
Hyperkalaemia:
- A. Is exacerbated by acidosis
- B. Is a finding in Conn's syndrome
- C. ECG findings include peaked tall T-waves
- D. Should be treated if serum K+ > 6mmol/l
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acidosis exacerbates hyperkalaemia by causing a shift of potassium from intracellular to extracellular space, worsening the condition.
Frequent complications of Mycoplasma infection include:
- A. Thrombocytopenia
- B. Haemolytic anaemia
- C. Cardiac conduction defects
- D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Haemolytic anaemia: Mycoplasma infections, particularly with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, can lead to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, where the body’s immune system destroys red blood cells.