HESI A2 Biology Practice Test

HESI A2 Biology Practice Test Related

Review HESI A2 Biology Practice Test related questions and content

The two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production are:

  • A. fermentation and protein synthesis
  • B. cellular respiration and glycolysis
  • C. fermentation and glycolysis
  • D. cellular respiration and fermentation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cellular respiration and fermentation. Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, which is the primary source of energy for cells. Fermentation, on the other hand, occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces ATP through glycolysis followed by specific fermentation pathways. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Protein synthesis is a biosynthetic process, not a catabolic pathway for energy production. Glycolysis is a common step in both cellular respiration and fermentation, so it is not a pair of distinct catabolic pathways. Therefore, the most accurate pairing of catabolic pathways for cellular energy production is cellular respiration and fermentation.

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Anaerobic respiration happens in _ because _ .

  • A. Animals; they need energy
  • B. Plants; they use sunlight
  • C. Bacteria; they live in environments with low oxygen
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Anaerobic respiration happens in bacteria because they live in environments with low oxygen. Bacteria, unlike animals and plants, do not have easy access to oxygen for aerobic respiration and must find alternative ways to produce energy to survive. This makes anaerobic respiration essential for their metabolic processes. Choice A is incorrect because although animals need energy, they generally rely on aerobic respiration when oxygen is available. Choice B is incorrect because plants primarily perform photosynthesis using sunlight to produce energy. Choice D is incorrect as anaerobic respiration does occur in specific organisms like bacteria when oxygen is scarce.

How many bones are included in the human skeletal system?

  • A. 412
  • B. 103
  • C. Over 300
  • D. 206
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: There are 206 bones in the human skeletal system. This includes bones in the skull, spine, ribs, arms, legs, hands, and feet. The correct answer is 206 because that is the standard number of bones in an adult human body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the accurate count of bones in the human skeletal system.

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is:

  • A. product
  • B. respiration
  • C. metabolism
  • D. synthesis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. It involves all the processes that break down molecules to release energy (catabolism) and build new molecules to support growth and maintenance (anabolism). Respiration refers specifically to the process of generating energy from the breakdown of glucose molecules. Synthesis is the creation of complex molecules from simpler ones. Therefore, metabolism is the most comprehensive term that encompasses all these processes within an organism.

Within the biological hierarchical system of organization, which of the following is least inclusive?

  • A. phylum
  • B. order
  • C. kingdom
  • D. species
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: species.' In the biological hierarchical system of organization, a species is the least inclusive level. A species consists of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. On the other hand, a phylum, order, and kingdom are more inclusive classifications that encompass multiple species. Phylum groups together related classes, order groups together related families, and kingdom groups together related phyla. Therefore, species is the least inclusive category within the biological hierarchical system.

Which of the following bases is not present in RNA?

  • A. Adenine
  • B. Thymine
  • C. Uracil
  • D. Cytosine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Thymine is not present in RNA. RNA uses uracil as one of its bases, which pairs with adenine. In RNA, adenine does not pair with thymine as in DNA. Cytosine and guanine are the other two bases found in both RNA and DNA.

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