Nokea
The type of D.V.T. that is characterized by formation of non-detachable clot(s) within an inflamed vein is known as
- A. Phlebothrombosis
- B. Coagulopathy
- C. Pelviopathy
- D. Thrombophlebitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thrombophlebitis involves the formation of non-detachable clots within inflamed veins.
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When counseling a patient about his surgical options for an ulcer that has been refractory to medical therapy, the AGACNP advises the patient that he will need
- A. Lifelong vitamin D replacement
- B. Excision of the ulcer, which produces an 80% cure rate
- C. To eat much smaller, more frequent meals
- D. Some form of vagotomy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When counseling a patient about surgical options for an ulcer that has been refractory to medical therapy, advising the patient that he will need some form of vagotomy is important. Vagotomy is a surgical procedure in which the vagus nerve is partially or completely severed. This procedure is commonly performed for patients with ulcers that have not responded to medical treatment. Vagotomy reduces the acid secretion in the stomach, which can help in the healing of the ulcer and prevent recurrence. It is an effective option for treating ulcers that have not responded to conservative medical management.
The term persistent occipito-posterior position indicates that the occiput
- A. Fails to rotate forward
- B. Escapes under the symphysis pubis
- C. Rotates forward always
- D. Reaches the pelvic floor first
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Persistent occipito-posterior position means the occiput fails to rotate forward.
Mrs. Coates is a 65-year-old female who is on postoperative day 1 following a duodenal resection for a bleeding ulcer. She had an uneventful immediate postoperative course, but throughout the course of day 1 she has complained of a mild abdominal discomfort that has progressed throughout the day. This evening the AGACNP is called to the bedside to evaluate the patient for persistent and progressive discomfort. Likely causes of her symptoms include all of the following except
- A. Colic due to return of peristalsis
- B. Leakage from the duodenal stump
- C. Gastric retention
- D. Hemorrhage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the scenario described, Mrs. Coates is a 65-year-old female who is on the first day postoperatively following a duodenal resection for a bleeding ulcer. Given her surgical history and the progression of her abdominal discomfort, the likely causes to consider are complications related to the surgery. Options B, C, and D are all potential postoperative complications following a duodenal resection:
M. T. is a 71-year-old female who presents for evaluation of a lump on her chest. She denies any symptomsthere is no pain, erythema, edema, ecchymosis, or open areasit is just a lump. She has no idea how long it has been there and just noticed it a few weeks ago. Physical examination reveals a round, smooth, flesh-colored tumor. It is firm but not hard it has smooth borders. It measures 6 cm in diameter and is non-tender to palpation. The AGACNP suspects that this is a classic presentation of the most common chest wall tumor known as a
- A. Neurolemma
- B. Lipoma
- C. Hemangioma
- D. Lymphangioma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The described presentation of a round, smooth, flesh-colored tumor that is firm but not hard, with smooth borders, non-tender to palpation, and measuring 6 cm in diameter, fits the classic presentation of a lipoma. Lipomas are common noncancerous soft tissue tumors often found just beneath the skin, can occur anywhere on the body, including the chest wall. They are usually painless and slowly growing, with a characteristic appearance of being smooth, soft, and mobile under the skin. In this case, the absence of pain, redness, swelling, or other concerning signs, along with the appearance and characteristics of the lump, are highly suggestive of a lipoma.
The correct statement with regards to polyhydramnios is that
- A. Acute polyhydramnios has a gradual onset as from 20 weeks
- B. Multiple pregnancy is a cause especially in dizygotic twinning
- C. Chronic polyhydramnios has a gradual onset as from 30 weeks
- D. On inspection, the abdomen is ovoid instead of being globular
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic polyhydramnios tends to develop gradually after 30 weeks.