Nokea
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval is required for:
- A. Medical devices, including artificial joints
- B. Over-the-counter vitamins
- C. Herbal products, such as St John's wort
- D. Dietary supplements, such as Ensure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: FDA approval is required for medical devices like artificial joints , but not OTC vitamins, herbal products, or supplements (B-D), which have lighter oversight.
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A nurse working in an emergency department is caring for a client who has Benzodiazepine toxicity due to an overdose. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
- A. Administer flumazenil.
- B. Identify the client's level of orientation.
- C. Infuse IV fluids.
- D. Prepare the client for gastric lavage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessing orientation is the priority to determine the severity of toxicity and guide interventions.
The decision may be made to switch from twice daily neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin to insulin glargine to improve glycemia control throughout the day. If this is done:
- A. The initial dose of glargine is reduced by 20% to avoid hypoglycemia
- B. The initial dose of glargine is 2 to 10 units per day
- C. Patients who have been on high doses of NPH will need tests for insulin antibodies
- D. Obese patients may require more than 100 units per day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Switching to glargine reduces the dose by 20% to prevent hypoglycemia due to its steady action vs. NPH peaks.
There is sufficient evidence to support the use of omega-3 fatty acids to treat the following disease(s):
- A. Asthma
- B. Autism
- C. Arthritis
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Omega-3 fatty acids are supported for arthritis treatment due to anti-inflammatory effects.
Immune globulin serums:
- A. Provide active immunity against infectious diseases
- B. Are contraindicated during pregnancy
- C. Are heated to above body temperature to kill most hepatitis, HIV, and other viruses such as parvovirus
- D. Are derived from pooled plasma of adults and contain specific antibodies in proportion to the donor population
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immune globulins are passive immunity from pooled plasma; they're not active , not contraindicated in pregnancy , and not heated .
A patient needs to receive 500 mL of IV fluid over 4 hours. The drop factor of the IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 31 gtt/min
- B. 42 gtt/min
- C. 62 gtt/min
- D. 75 gtt/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flow rate = (500 mL 15 gtt/mL) ÷ (4 60) = 7,500 ÷ 240 = 31.25 gtt/min, rounded to 31 gtt/min.