The U.S. Food and Drug Administration MedWatch system is activated when:
- A. There is an adverse event to a vaccine.
- B. The patient has a severe reaction that is noted in the 'Severe Reaction' section in the medication label.
- C. A lactating woman takes a medication that is potentially toxic to the breastfeeding infant.
- D. An adverse event or serious problem occurs with a medication that is not already identified on the label.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: MedWatch reports new, unlabeled adverse events , beyond vaccines , known reactions , or lactation risks .
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A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes that the client experiences permanent extrapyramidal effects caused by a previous medication. The nurse should recognize that the medication affected which of the following systems in the client?
- A. Cardiovascular
- B. Immune
- C. Central nervous
- D. Gastrointestinal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Extrapyramidal effects are movement disorders caused by medications affecting the central nervous system , like antipsychotics.
Which of the following drugs has been shown to restore corticosteroid responsiveness for Bronchial Asthma:
- A. Salbutamol
- B. Sodium cromoglycate
- C. Zifirlukast
- D. Montelukast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Montelukast, a leukotriene inhibitor, enhances corticosteroid efficacy in asthma.
A nurse is assessing a client who has taken Procainamide to treat dysrhythmias for the last 12 months. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Joint swelling
- B. Widened QRS complex
- C. Narrowed QT interval
- D. Easy bruising
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Procainamide can widen QRS , cause bruising from lupus-like syndrome, and joint swelling .
Patients prescribed aspirin therapy require education regarding the signs of aspirin toxicity. An early sign of aspirin toxicity is:
- A. Black tarry stools
- B. Vomiting
- C. Tremors
- D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tinnitus is an early aspirin toxicity sign; black stools or vomiting are later.
Following are the true receptors, except one
- A. Beta adrenergic receptors
- B. Na-K-ATP ase
- C. Phosphodiesterase
- D. Plasma proteins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Plasma proteins bind drugs but are not receptors.