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The uterus is a muscular, pear-shaped organ that is responsible for:
- A. Cyclic menstruation.
- B. Sex hormone production.
- C. Fertilization.
- D. Sexual arousal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The uterus supports menstruation and pregnancy. Hormones and fertilization occur in ovaries, and arousal involves multiple systems, not primarily the uterus.
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Before birth, which of the following structures connects the right and left auricles of the heart?
- A. Umbilical vein
- B. Foramen ovale
- C. Ductus arteriosus
- D. Ductus venosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The foramen ovale is a fetal cardiac structure that allows blood to bypass the lungs by shunting blood from the right atrium to the left atrium. The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. The ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta. The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava.
A nurse is caring for a client in labor. The nurse-midwife is performing an amniotomy. The nurse explains to the client that after this procedure, she will most likely have:
- A. Less pressure on her cervix
- B. Increased efficiency of contractions
- C. Decreased number of contractions
- D. The need for increased maternal blood pressure monitoring
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Amniotomy can be used to induce labor when the condition of the cervix is favorable (ripe) or to augment labor if the process begins to slow. Rupturing of membranes allows the fetal head to contact the cervix more directly and may increase the efficiency of contractions.
During a pelvic exam the nurse notes a purple-blue tinge of the cervix. The nurse documents this as which of the following?
- A. Braxton-Hicks sign
- B. Chadwick's sign
- C. Goodell's sign
- D. McDonald's sign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chadwick's sign refers to the purple-blue tinge of the cervix due to increased vascularity during pregnancy. Braxton-Hicks contractions are painless uterine contractions, Goodell's sign indicates softening of the cervix, and McDonald's sign refers to the flexibility of the uterus at the junction with the cervix.
What should nurses do to support migrant farm workers receiving prenatal care?
- A. Offer medication to prevent preterm labor.
- B. Reinforce that heavy lifting is safe during pregnancy.
- C. Evaluate occupational hazards and provide education.
- D. Refer all patients for mental health resources.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Migrant farm workers may face occupational hazards such as exposure to pesticides or physically demanding work. Nurses should assess these risks and educate patients on safety to promote a healthy pregnancy.
In the late 1950s, consumers and healthcare professionals began challenging the routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. Which of the following was an outgrowth of this concept?
- A. Labor, delivery, recovery, postpartum (LDRP)
- B. Nurse-midwifery
- C. Clinical nurse specialist
- D. Prepared childbirth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prepared childbirth was a direct result of challenging routine use of analgesics and anesthetics in the 1950s. It emphasized natural childbirth and education to empower women, reducing reliance on medications. LDRP, nurse-midwifery, and clinical nurse specialists were not direct outcomes of this movement.