Age Specific Populations

Age Specific Populations Related

Review Age Specific Populations related questions and content

The wife of a client who is being seen in the sleep clinic states that her husband snores terribly at night and that she has to shake him to get him to stop. The client complains of a headache upon wakening and often falls asleep during the day when he sits for long periods. This client is exhibiting signs and symptoms characteristic of:

  • A. Narcolepsy.
  • B. Parasomnia.
  • C. Sleep apnea.
  • D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sleep apnea. This client is showing classic signs of obstructive sleep apnea, including loud snoring, waking up with headaches, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Snoring and the need for physical stimulation to stop snoring are common in sleep apnea. The headaches may be due to disrupted sleep patterns and oxygen deprivation. Excessive daytime sleepiness is a result of poor quality sleep.

Choice A (Narcolepsy) is incorrect because narcolepsy is characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day, often accompanied by cataplexy and sleep paralysis, which are not mentioned in the scenario.

Choice B (Parasomnia) is incorrect because parasomnias involve abnormal behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors, which are not described in the scenario.

Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect because the symptoms described align with obstructive sleep apnea.

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A 72-year-old female patient has the medical diagnosis of delirium secondary to anticholinergic medication toxicity. A nurse planning discharge care must consider the need to teach the family to be alert for maladaptive cognitive symptoms because:

  • A. delirium is a hypersensitivity reaction.
  • B. the elderly often deny changes in cognition.
  • C. elderly females are more prone to delirium than elderly males.
  • D. slower metabolism in the elderly predisposes to medication toxicity.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because slower metabolism in the elderly can lead to medication toxicity, including anticholinergic toxicity causing delirium. As people age, their metabolism slows down, making them more susceptible to drug accumulation and toxicity. This can result in cognitive symptoms like delirium.

A: Delirium is not a hypersensitivity reaction; it is an acute state of confusion.
B: Denial of cognitive changes is not directly related to the risk of medication toxicity in the elderly.
C: Gender is not a significant factor in medication toxicity leading to delirium; it is more related to individual metabolism and drug interactions.

The characteristic in individuals with personality disorders that makes it most necessary for staff to schedule frequent meetings is:

  • A. flexibility and unconventional responses to stress.
  • B. a desire to achieve emotional intimacy with staff.
  • C. a tendency to evoke countertransference and conflict.
  • D. an impaired ability to develop trusting relationships.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because individuals with personality disorders often evoke countertransference and conflict in staff due to their challenging behaviors and interpersonal dynamics. This can lead to potential misunderstandings and ineffective treatment if not addressed through frequent meetings. Option A is incorrect as flexibility and unconventional responses to stress are not typically the primary concern necessitating frequent meetings. Option B is incorrect as a desire for emotional intimacy is not necessarily a reason for staff to schedule frequent meetings. Option D is incorrect as an impaired ability to develop trusting relationships might be a symptom of a personality disorder, but it is not the characteristic that most necessitates frequent meetings.

A nurse is caring for a patient with bulimia nervosa who is experiencing frequent purging. What is a priority assessment?

  • A. Monitor electrolyte levels and cardiac function.
  • B. Observe for signs of dehydration and low blood pressure.
  • C. Assess for any compulsive exercise behaviors.
  • D. Monitor for changes in eating patterns and food preferences.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, to monitor electrolyte levels and cardiac function. This is a priority assessment because frequent purging in bulimia nervosa can lead to electrolyte imbalances and cardiac complications, such as arrhythmias and heart failure. Monitoring these parameters is crucial for early detection and intervention to prevent serious health consequences. Observing for signs of dehydration and low blood pressure (Choice B) is important but not as critical as monitoring electrolyte levels and cardiac function. Assessing for compulsive exercise behaviors (Choice C) and monitoring changes in eating patterns and food preferences (Choice D) are also relevant but secondary to the immediate risk of electrolyte imbalances and cardiac issues.

A nurse caring for a patient with bulimia nervosa should teach the patient about:

  • A. Self-monitoring of daily food and fluid intake.
  • B. Establishing the desired daily weight gain.
  • C. Symptoms of hypokalemia.
  • D. Self-esteem maintenance.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C):
1. Patients with bulimia nervosa often engage in purging behaviors, leading to electrolyte imbalances.
2. Hypokalemia is a common complication due to vomiting, which can have serious consequences.
3. Educating the patient about hypokalemia symptoms is crucial for early detection and intervention to prevent complications.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Self-monitoring of food intake is important but not the priority as addressing electrolyte imbalances.
B. Weight gain is not a recommended goal for patients with bulimia nervosa.
D. While self-esteem maintenance is important, addressing acute physical health risks takes precedence.

What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient with anorexia nervosa who is refusing to eat?

  • A. Offer rewards for eating meals.
  • B. Provide firm encouragement and offer small, frequent meals.
  • C. Enforce strict diet control and limit food choices.
  • D. Allow the patient to skip meals if they do not feel hungry.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing firm encouragement and offering small, frequent meals is a supportive approach to help the patient with anorexia nervosa overcome their fear of eating. It helps in gradually reintroducing food, building trust, and establishing a healthier eating pattern. Offering rewards (A) may reinforce unhealthy eating behaviors. Enforcing strict diet control (C) can exacerbate control issues and worsen the patient's condition. Allowing the patient to skip meals (D) can perpetuate malnutrition and reinforce avoidance behaviors.

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