Nokea
The wife of a client with active tuberculosis has a positive skin test for tuberculosis. She is to be started on prophylactic drug therapy. What drug is the drug of choice for prophylaxis of tuberculosis?
- A. Streptomycin
- B. Para-aminosalicylic (PAS) acid
- C. Isoniazid (INH)
- D. Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Isoniazid is the drug of choice for tuberculosis prophylaxis due to its effectiveness in preventing active disease.
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Which nursing observation provides the best evidence that postural drainage is effective?
- A. The client's respiratory rate is increased.
- B. The client's heart rate is much improved.
- C. The client's sputum culture is negative.
- D. The client raises a large volume of sputum.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Raising a large volume of sputum indicates that postural drainage is effectively clearing secretions from the airways.
Which assessment data indicate to the nurse the client diagnosed with ARDS has experienced a complication secondary to the ventilator?
- A. The client's urine output is 100 mL in four (4) hours.
- B. The pulse oximeter reading is greater than 95%.
- C. The client has asymmetrical chest expansion.
- D. The telemetry reading shows sinus tachycardia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asymmetrical chest expansion (C) suggests pneumothorax, a ventilator complication. Low urine (A), SpO2 >95% (B), and tachycardia (D) are unrelated or expected.
A patient with asthma is prescribed to take inhaled Salmeterol and Fluticasone for long-term management of asthma. You observe the patient taking these medications. Which option below best describes the correct order in how to take these medications?
- A. The patient inhales the Salmeterol first and then waits 5 minutes before inhaling the Fluticasone.
- B. The patient inhales the Fluticasone first and then waits 5 minutes before inhaling the Salmeterol.
- C. The patient inhales the Salmeterol first and then waits 1 minute before inhaling the Fluticasone.
- D. The patient inhales the Fluticasone and immediately inhales the Salmeterol.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Salmeterol, a long-acting bronchodilator, should be inhaled first to open the airways, followed by Fluticasone, a corticosteroid, after a 5-minute wait to ensure optimal delivery and reduce inflammation.
Until the client can be examined later that morning, which advice by the nurse would be most helpful?
- A. Sucking on ice chips should help.
- B. Rest your voice.
- C. Massage your throat.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Resting the voice reduces strain on the vocal cords, which is beneficial for laryngitis and helps prevent further irritation.
The physician orders an acid-fast bacilli sputum culture smear on a patient with possible tuberculosis. How will you collect this?
- A. Collect 2 different sputum specimens 12 hours apart
- B. Collect 3 different sputum specimens (one in the morning, afternoon, and at night)
- C. Collect 3 different sputum specimens on 3 different days
- D. Collect 2 different sputum specimens on 2 different days
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For acid-fast bacilli sputum culture, standard protocol requires collecting three sputum specimens on three consecutive days, typically in the morning, to maximize detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.