Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Questions

Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Questions Related

Review Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Questions related questions and content

The wife of a patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia asks: “I’ve been told that my husband’s illness is probably related to imbalanced brain chemicals. Can you be more specific?”

  • A. Breakdown of dopamine produces LSD, which in large amounts produces psychosis
  • B. Decreased amounts of the brain chemical dopamine explain the presence of delusions and hallucinations.
  • C. An increase in the brain chemical dopamine explains the presence of delusions and hallucinations.
  • D. An increase in the brain chemical dopamine explains the presence of lack of motivation and disordered affect
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: An increase in the brain chemical dopamine explains the presence of delusions and hallucinations. In paranoid schizophrenia, there is an overactivity of dopamine receptors in the brain, leading to an excess of dopamine. This excess dopamine is associated with symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. Therefore, an increase in dopamine levels is directly linked to these specific symptoms in individuals with paranoid schizophrenia.

Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:

A: Breakdown of dopamine producing LSD does not directly relate to the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia.

B: Decreased amounts of dopamine do not explain the presence of delusions and hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia; it is the increase in dopamine that is associated with these symptoms.

D: An increase in dopamine is more closely related to delusions and hallucinations rather than lack of motivation and disordered affect in paranoid schizophrenia.

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In response to the nurse’s statement, “Tell me about your family,” the patient became silent and displayed nonverbally that he is uncomfortable. Which statement by the nurse reflects sensitivity to the patient?

  • A. “I’m so sorry. I didn’t realize your family was a problem for you.”
  • B. “Learning to express negative feelings will assist you in getting well.”
  • C. “Perhaps you can talk about your feelings to the physician next time you meet.”
  • D. “That seems to be a difficult subject for you. We can discuss when you are
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it acknowledges the patient's discomfort without making assumptions or judgments. By recognizing the difficulty the patient is facing and offering to discuss it when they are ready, the nurse shows empathy and respect for the patient's feelings.

Choice A is incorrect because it assumes the family is a problem for the patient. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses on expressing negative feelings rather than addressing the patient's current discomfort. Choice C is incorrect because it deflects the conversation to the physician without addressing the patient's immediate needs.

The best response to the patient’s statement, "They frobitz me," would be:

  • A. "That’s really too bad that you are being treated that way."
  • B. "Who do you mean when you say everybody?"
  • C. "What difference does frobitzing make?"
  • D. "Why do they frobitz?"
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it seeks clarification and prompts the patient to specify who they are referring to when they say "everybody." This response shows active listening and encourages deeper communication. Choice A offers sympathy but doesn't address the issue directly. Choice C dismisses the significance of "frobitzing." Choice D asks for the reason behind "frobitzing" without seeking clarification on the people involved.

A teen is grieving the loss of her pet dog. She states to her mother, “I miss my dog so much, but I know that if I start crying, I will never stop.” The teen is expressing a fear of:

  • A. Appearing emotionally immature
  • B. Embarrassing herself by crying in public
  • C. Losing the support of her friends and family.
  • D. Losing control over her emotions.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Losing control over her emotions. The teen's statement indicates a fear of losing control if she starts crying. This fear suggests that she believes crying will lead to an inability to stop, indicating a concern about managing her emotions. This fear of losing control over her emotions aligns with the teen's hesitance to express her grief through tears.

A: Appearing emotionally immature - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not directly suggest a fear of appearing emotionally immature.
B: Embarrassing herself by crying in public - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not mention a fear of embarrassment.
C: Losing the support of her friends and family - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not indicate a fear of losing support from others.

Which person has the greatest potential for developing dysfunctional grief?

  • A. A teen who has always been one of the popular kids
  • B. A widow who regularly states, I really loved my deceased wife
  • C. A woman whose husband died as a result of a sudden, traumatic injury
  • D. An adult who has dealt with the loss of several family members over the years
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because sudden, traumatic deaths can lead to complicated grief reactions. This type of loss can disrupt the individual's ability to process and accept the death, resulting in prolonged and intense emotional distress. The other choices, A, B, and D, do not inherently indicate a higher potential for dysfunctional grief as they do not involve the same level of suddenness or trauma. Teen popularity, expressing love for a deceased spouse, and experiencing multiple losses over time are common situations that may not necessarily lead to dysfunctional grief if appropriate support and coping mechanisms are in place.

Which description is characteristic of an impulsive child?

  • A. Running out into the street regardless of frequent instruction to look both ways first.
  • B. Pacing and speaking in a very loud, disruptive voice
  • C. Frequently talking about hearing voices telling him what to do
  • D. Having a difficult time concentrating on reading since his attention is easily diverted
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. An impulsive child typically acts without thinking or considering consequences, such as running into the street without looking. This behavior is impulsive, risky, and disregards safety instructions. Choices B and C describe behaviors that are more indicative of other issues like hyperactivity or hallucinations. Choice D suggests difficulty concentrating, which is not directly related to impulsivity. In summary, the key characteristic of an impulsive child is acting quickly without considering potential dangers or instructions.

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