Nokea
Theories based on study of the brain and its activities are called:
- A. Social
- B. Biological
- C. Psychological
- D. Psychobiological
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Biological. Theories based on the brain and its activities fall under the field of biological psychology, which focuses on how biological factors influence behavior and mental processes. This includes studying brain structures, neural pathways, neurotransmitters, and their impact on behavior. Social (A) theories focus on interactions between individuals, Psychological (C) theories relate to mental processes and behavior, and Psychobiological (D) is a term that could be used interchangeably with Biological but is less commonly used. Hence, the most specific and appropriate term for theories related to the brain is Biological.
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A patient with anorexia nervosa is at risk for refeeding syndrome. The nurse should be most concerned with:
- A. Hyperglycemia.
- B. Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypophosphatemia.
- C. Increased hunger and overeating.
- D. Rapid weight gain and hypertension.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypophosphatemia. Refeeding syndrome occurs when a malnourished individual receives nutrition too quickly, leading to shifts in electrolytes like phosphate, potassium, and magnesium. Hypophosphatemia is a key concern due to its potential to cause cardiac and respiratory failure. Hyperglycemia (A) may occur but is not the primary concern. Increased hunger and overeating (C) are common symptoms of anorexia nervosa but not directly related to refeeding syndrome. Rapid weight gain and hypertension (D) are potential consequences of refeeding but are not the immediate concern compared to electrolyte imbalances.
A patient has recently been under significant stress and worked long hours. At home, the patient watches television and eats until going to bed. The patient is too tired to exercise and has gained 25 pounds in 1 month. A desired outcome for the patient is to recognize anxiety that precedes binge eating and reduce it. Which intervention addresses the outcome
- A. Teach stress-reduction techniques such as relaxation and imagery.
- B. Encourage the patient to design and implement an exercise program.
- C. Explore ways in which the patient may feel more in control of the environment.
- D. Encourage the patient to attend a support group such as Overeaters Anonymous.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Teach stress-reduction techniques such as relaxation and imagery. This intervention directly addresses the desired outcome of recognizing anxiety that precedes binge eating and reducing it. By teaching stress-reduction techniques, the patient can learn to identify triggers, manage stress, and reduce the likelihood of turning to binge eating. Relaxation and imagery can help the patient relax and focus on positive thoughts, thus breaking the cycle of stress-induced binge eating.
Option B is incorrect because while exercise is beneficial for overall health, it does not directly address recognizing and reducing anxiety that leads to binge eating. Option C is incorrect as feeling more in control of the environment may help, but it does not specifically target anxiety reduction related to binge eating. Option D is incorrect as attending a support group may be helpful for some aspects of recovery, but it does not focus on recognizing and reducing anxiety specifically.
Which characteristic fits the usual profile of an individual diagnosed with pedophilic disorder?
- A. Homosexual
- B. Ritualistic behaviors
- C. Seeks access to children
- D. Self-confident professional
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an individual diagnosed with pedophilic disorder typically seeks access to children for sexual purposes. This behavior is a key characteristic of pedophilia. Homosexuality (A) is not a defining factor in pedophilic disorder. Ritualistic behaviors (B) are not specific to pedophilia but may be present in some cases. Being a self-confident professional (D) does not correlate with pedophilic tendencies. In summary, seeking access to children (C) aligns with the diagnostic criteria for pedophilic disorder, making it the most fitting characteristic.
A 35-year-old woman is being assessed related to suspected battering. In interviewing this patient, it is important for the nurse to keep in mind that: (Select all that apply.)
- A. The nurse's demeanor should be one of concern and caring.
- B. Professional terminology should be used and taught to the patient.
- C. All noted injuries should be thoroughly and explicitly documented.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because when assessing a patient related to suspected battering, the nurse should demonstrate concern and caring to establish trust and encourage the patient to open up. This approach helps build rapport and facilitates communication, leading to a more accurate assessment and better support for the patient. Choice B is incorrect because using professional terminology might intimidate the patient and hinder effective communication. Choice C is incorrect because documenting injuries without sensitivity and consideration for the patient's emotional well-being can further traumatize the individual. Choice D is incorrect as the nurse's demeanor and approach are crucial in addressing cases of suspected battering.
A client with borderline personality disorder is having difficulty with memories of sexual abuse. She has a history of suicidal gestures, self-mutilation, sexual addiction, and substance addiction. She complains of vague pains, menstrual problems, and headaches. She entered the partial hospital program to prevent another suicide gesture or self-mutilation. The nurse recognizes that collaborative therapy may be helpful for this client and knows that the most useful collaboration in this case would be the client, the nurse, and the:
- A. Occupational therapist exploring ways to reduce stress
- B. Physical therapist exploring ways to reduce back pain
- C. Acupuncturist exploring ways to reduce pain
- D. Sexologist exploring healthy sexuality and safe sex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Occupational therapist exploring ways to reduce stress. In this case, the client's symptoms and history suggest complex emotional issues related to trauma and addiction. Occupational therapy can help the client develop coping skills, manage stress, and improve functioning in daily activities. The therapist can work collaboratively with the client and nurse to address the client's emotional, physical, and social needs.
Choice B: Physical therapist exploring ways to reduce back pain focuses only on physical symptoms and does not address the underlying emotional issues. Choice C: Acupuncturist exploring ways to reduce pain also only addresses physical symptoms and does not provide comprehensive support for the client's mental health. Choice D: Sexologist exploring healthy sexuality and safe sex is not the most immediate need for the client, as her primary concerns are related to trauma, self-harm, and addiction.