Nokea
There are several mechanisms through which AGEs can lead to increased oxidative stress. Question: Which AGE-induced mechanism supposedly plays an important role in the development of oxidative stress in endothelial cells?
- A. Crosslinking of matrix proteins
- B. Induction of apoptosis
- C. Intracellular glycation by methylglyoxal
- D. All three statements provided above are correct
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AGEs spark stress methylglyoxal's indoor glycation fries cells, outpacing crosslinking or death calls. Key in endothelium, a chronic oxidative kick nurses target this mess.
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Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most effective interventions in the management of COPD. The primary goals of this program are to:
- A. Ensure the patient eats appropriately, takes their medication as prescribed and exercises every day
- B. Involve the patient in the multidisciplinary team and knows how to manage their condition
- C. Reduce symptoms, improved QOL, increase physical and emotional participation in everyday life
- D. Prevent deterioration, avoid hospitalisation and support the carers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary rehab reclaims COPD life less wheeze, better QOL, more daily grit, physical and emotional. Diet-meds-exercise is narrow; team play's a means; prevention's a perk, not core. Nurses drive this, a chronic lift.
The most common and significant symptom associated with cancer and associated treatments, which has a long term impact on quality of life, as reported by patients, is:
- A. Anorexia
- B. Alopecia
- C. Pain
- D. Fatigue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cancer's top drag fatigue saps QOL long-term, outlasting appetite, hair, or pain woes. Nurses hear this, a chronic weary king.
When assignments are being made for clients with alterations related to gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, which client would be the most appropriate to delegate to an LPN/LVN?
- A. A client with severe anemia secondary to GI bleeding
- B. A client who needs enemas and antibiotics to control GI bacteria
- C. A client who needs preoperative teaching for bowel resection surgery
- D. A client who needs central line insertion for chemotherapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Delegating in GI cancer care hinges on scope LPN/LVNs handle routine tasks like administering enemas and antibiotics, a straightforward intervention to curb bacteria, fitting their training under RN oversight. Severe anemia from bleeding demands RN assessment for stability or transfusion, beyond LPN scope. Preoperative teaching requires detailed education and evaluation, an RN's domain. Central line insertion involves advanced skills and risks, reserved for RNs or specialists. Enemas and antibiotics align with LPN/LVN capabilities, optimizing team roles while keeping complex care with RNs, a practical choice in managing GI cancer's multifaceted needs safely and efficiently.
Set in motion and continue the trajectory projection and scheme' is a goal of management in which of the following trajectory phases?
- A. Pretrajectory
- B. Onset
- C. Comeback
- D. Downward
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Comeback phase kicks plans alive sustaining chronic care's path, not preventing, starting, or adapting decline. Nurses steer this, a rebound's drive.
Which does not require post exposure prophylaxis for rabies?
- A. scratch
- B. bite on face
- C. bite on extremity
- D. skin contact with blood, urine or faeces
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rabies PEP bites, scratches, bat splashes trigger; blood, pee, poop on skin don't. Nurses skip this chronic non-risk.