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They were able to reach the deck fastest to get a seat on a lifeboat. Which of the following sentences is written correctly and provides a clear explanation?
- A. Because the majority of survivors came from first class, they were able to reach the deck fastest to get a seat on a lifeboat.
- B. Because of this, the majority of survivors came from first class, as they were able to reach the deck fastest to get a seat on a lifeboat.
- C. Because of this, the majority of survivors came from first class, they were able to reach the deck fastest to get a seat on a lifeboat.
- D. Because of this, the majority of survivors came from first class, as they were able to reach the deck fastest to get a seat on a lifeboat.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Option B provides a clear and grammatically correct explanation for why the majority of survivors came from first class - they were able to reach the deck fastest to get a seat on a lifeboat. The phrase 'Because of this' properly introduces the reason that follows. In Option A, a comma after 'Because' is unnecessary and disrupts the flow of the sentence. In Option C, 'Because this' is incomplete and lacks proper connection to the subsequent clause. Option D, similar to Option C, lacks clarity due to the absence of a full linking phrase. Therefore, Option B is the best choice as it conveys the explanation effectively and without grammatical errors.
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Which of the following choices would be the best beginning for an essay titled "Scientists Debate: Global Climate Change"?
- A. The Earth is heating up. The polar ice caps are melting, and whole species are going extinct while governments and scientists argue over rules and regulations.
- B. The argument seems to be about whether climate change is really happening and if so, who causes it. Some scientists argue that people are causing the change.
- C. If the Earth heats up, what will our new world look like? Scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding climate change have projected a series of scenarios that could happen.
- D. While few people can understand all of the issues related to climate change, one thing is sure: scientists do not agree. There seem to be several different views on how to look at climate change data.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C would be the best beginning for an essay on 'Scientists Debate: Global Climate Change' because it sets the stage for discussion by introducing the potential consequences of Earth heating up and inviting readers to consider the implications. It also highlights the expertise of scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding climate change, positioning them as credible sources for further discussion on the topic. The other choices either focus on the existing debate without providing a broader context (A and D) or present a narrow view on whether climate change is real and human-caused (B) without delving into the broader implications and discussions within the scientific community.
What type of sentence is the sentence above?
- A. Simple
- B. Complex
- C. Compound
- D. Compound-complex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sentence above is a complex sentence because it contains an independent clause 'You are a helpful assistant' and a dependent clause 'What type of sentence is the sentence above?'. A complex sentence is formed by joining an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses. In this case, the dependent clause 'What type of sentence is the sentence above?' cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sentence does not contain multiple independent clauses (compound) or a combination of independent and dependent clauses (compound-complex).
Which of the following best explains the meaning of fastidious as it is used in the sentence?
"Henry was fastidious about keeping his workspace organized, ensuring that every item was always in its proper place."
- A. fussy
- B. lazy
- C. old-fashioned
- D. hilarious
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this context, the word 'fastidious' describes someone who pays great attention to detail, is very meticulous, and particular about things being perfect. Henry's behavior of keeping his workspace organized and ensuring everything is in its proper place indicates his meticulous nature. 'Fussy' aligns best with this meaning as it conveys being hard to please and excessively attentive to detail, which accurately describes Henry's behavior. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not capture the essence of being meticulous and attentive to detail, which is the central meaning conveyed by 'fastidious' in this context.
What is the point of view indicated by the underlined words in the sentence below?"You should know that I am planning to attend the meeting tomorrow."
- A. third; second
- B. second; first
- C. first; second
- D. first; third
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The point of view indicated by the underlined words in the sentence demonstrates a transition from second-person ("you") to first-person ("I"). The correct answer is B because the speaker shifts from addressing someone else (second-person) to talking about themselves (first-person). Choice A is incorrect because third-person is not present in the sentence. Choice C is incorrect because the order of point of view shift is reversed. Choice D is incorrect as it incorrectly identifies the sequence of point of view change.
The student feared she would fail, so she thought she should study harder. Which of the following is a correct revision of the ambiguous sentence above?
- A. Unless the student feared that she would fail out of school, she wouldn't study harder.
- B. The student said, 'she will fail out of the university unless she studies during her exams.'
- C. The student was afraid that she should study harder before failing out during her exams.
- D. 'If I don't study harder before the exams,' the student fretted, 'I will surely fail out of school.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Option D is the clearest revision as it expresses the student's concern directly through dialogue. The use of quotation marks provides clarity, and the student's worry about failing is stated clearly. The other options either lack clarity or contain grammatical issues. Option A introduces an unnecessary condition with 'unless' which changes the original meaning. Option B introduces a third-person perspective that is not present in the original sentence. Option C is awkwardly constructed and does not convey the student's concern effectively.