Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension Related

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The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a
round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with
each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows: spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are
considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards
being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a
total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if
possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all
four cards. If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more
interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a
card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the
highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. Obviously, the team with the most tricks wins
the hand.

Throughout this passage the word suit means

  • A. A set of clothing to be worn together
  • B. Any of the four sets into which a deck of cards is divided
  • C. To be convenient or right for
  • D. To request or appeal persistently
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of the passage, the term 'suit' refers to any of the four sets into which a deck of cards is divided. In Bridge, the deck is divided into spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs, each representing a suit of cards. Understanding the concept of suits is essential in playing the game effectively, as it determines the hierarchy and rules for playing cards. This term does not relate to clothing sets, being convenient or right for something, or persistent requests or appeals, making choice B the correct interpretation in this gaming context.

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Photosynthesis is a process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules. This process is fundamental to life on Earth as it provides the primary source of energy for nearly all organisms. The energy is captured from sunlight by a pigment in the plants called chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil react in the presence of light to form sugars and oxygen. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere, which is crucial for the survival of most life forms on Earth. The sugars produced are used by the plant for energy and growth, storing excess energy as starch.
The process occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle uses the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
Photosynthesis not only sustains plant life but also maintains the atmospheric oxygen levels and is a key factor in the carbon cycle, helping to regulate Earth's climate.

What happens during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  • A. ATP is used to make glucose
  • B. Carbon dioxide is converted into oxygen
  • C. Light energy is converted into chemical energy
  • D. Glucose is broken down into water and carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy. This energy is in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which are essential for the Calvin cycle to occur. Therefore, choice C, 'Light energy is converted into chemical energy,' is the correct answer as it describes the primary transformation that takes place in this phase of photosynthesis.

Food
Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their
abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem.
Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the
country's main health problems, since it places a great
strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens
the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People
often turn to food when they are bored or lonely.
Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The
results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social
drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's
contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse,
are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol
abuse.

The information presented in this article is?

  • A. Against eating and drinking
  • B. Against drinking alcohol
  • C. Against eating rich foods
  • D. Unbiased in its approach
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Unbiased in its approach. The article discusses the necessity and desirability of food and drink but also highlights the potential harms and issues associated with their abuse. It addresses concerns related to overeating, alcohol consumption, and the consequences of alcohol abuse. The article presents a balanced view by acknowledging the benefits of food and drink while also highlighting the negative impacts of their abuse, making it unbiased in its approach.

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules. This process is fundamental to life on Earth as it provides the primary source of energy for nearly all organisms. The energy is captured from sunlight by a pigment in the plants called chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil react in the presence of light to form sugars and oxygen. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere, which is crucial for the survival of most life forms on Earth. The sugars produced are used by the plant for energy and growth, storing excess energy as starch.
The process occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle uses the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
Photosynthesis not only sustains plant life but also maintains the atmospheric oxygen levels and is a key factor in the carbon cycle, helping to regulate Earth's climate.

Which statement best describes the importance of the sugars produced during photosynthesis?

  • A. They increase the water content in the air
  • B. They are used by plants for energy and growth
  • C. They help to cool the plant leaves
  • D. They attract insects for pollination
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B, 'They are used by plants for energy and growth,' best describes the importance of the sugars produced during photosynthesis. The sugars serve as the primary source of energy for plants, fueling their metabolic processes and providing the necessary building blocks for growth and development. While water content in the air, cooling of plant leaves, and insect attraction are all relevant processes in plants, the primary function of the sugars produced during photosynthesis is to support the plant's energy needs and growth.

Eating
Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different
cultures have developed different methods to accomplish
the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and
learn new ways to do things.
European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and
spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food.
Correct use of this toolĆ¢ā‚¬ā„¢s changes with the times-what was
polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners
today.
China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for
eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult
for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a
novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the
watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner.
Space travel has created new challenges for consuming
food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have
enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition.
Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space.

What conclusion can be drawn about the article?

  • A. The author explains differences in eating processes.
  • B. The author thinks chopsticks are funny.
  • C. The best way to eat food is with cutlery.
  • D. Space flight is fun and exciting.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'The author explains differences in eating processes.' The article discusses how different cultures have developed various methods for eating, such as cutlery in European cultures and chopsticks in China. It highlights the challenges and unique tools used for consuming food in different contexts like space travel. The text does not focus on humor related to chopsticks, suggest that cutlery is the best way to eat food, or emphasize space flight as fun and exciting. Therefore, the most accurate conclusion is that the author is explaining the differences in eating processes across cultures.

Health Care's Numbers Game
The game of health care is a risky one. Today emergency rooms are acting as primary care physicians for thousands of patients. This trend produces a vicious cycle of hospitals raising emergency room costs and passing that increase along to paying patients, who in turn pass it along to insurance companies, who in turn raise rates so even more people cannot afford the premium or the co-payment.
For years, indigent people have used emergency rooms for very minor illnesses rather than seeing an outside doctor, but now emergency rooms are seeing people with insurance, but who cannot afford the co-payment or the deductible for the office visit. If we don't change the way the healthcare game is played, we're all going to lose.

The passage implies that

  • A. There is a crisis in numbers management in the healthcare industry.
  • B. Primary care physicians should work out of emergency rooms.
  • C. Indigent people should not be allowed into emergency rooms.
  • D. Insurance companies are getting rich.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The passage discusses the reliance on emergency rooms for primary care, leading to a vicious cycle of rising costs that are passed on to patients and insurance companies. It highlights the financial burden faced by patients who cannot afford co-payments or deductibles, and the subsequent increase in insurance rates. Therefore, the implication is that there is a crisis in numbers management in the healthcare industry, indicating a systemic issue that needs to be addressed to prevent further negative consequences.

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