Cardiovascular Drugs NCLEX Practice Questions Quizlet

Cardiovascular Drugs NCLEX Practice Questions Quizlet Related

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Tick the drug – a derivative of Ergot:

  • A. Nicergoline
  • B. Warfarin
  • C. Cinnarizine
  • D. Vinpocetine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nicergoline is the correct answer as it is a derivative of Ergot. Ergot alkaloids are compounds derived from the ergot fungus and Nicergoline falls under this category. Warfarin is a blood thinner, Cinnarizine is a calcium channel blocker, and Vinpocetine is a nootropic drug. These drugs are not derivatives of Ergot, making them incorrect choices.

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Lincozamides have the following unwanted effect:

  • A. Nephrotoxicity
  • B. Cancerogenity
  • C. Pseudomembranous colitis
  • D. Irritation of respiratory organs
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pseudomembranous colitis. Lincozamides, like clindamycin, can disrupt the normal gut flora, leading to overgrowth of Clostridium difficile and causing pseudomembranous colitis. This condition is characterized by severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and potentially life-threatening complications. Nephrotoxicity (A) is not a common side effect of lincozamides. Cancerogenity (B) is not associated with lincozamides. Irritation of respiratory organs (D) is not a typical adverse effect of this drug class.

These drugs may be used in the treatment of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis:

  • A. Osmotic diuretics
  • B. Loop diuretics
  • C. Thiazide diuretics
  • D. Potassium-sparing diuretics
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thiazide diuretics are used in the treatment of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis by reducing urinary calcium excretion. They work by increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, lowering calcium levels in urine, and decreasing the formation of kidney stones. Osmotic diuretics (A) increase urine output but do not specifically target calcium excretion. Loop diuretics (B) inhibit sodium reabsorption but can increase urinary calcium excretion and are not ideal for treating calcium nephrolithiasis. Potassium-sparing diuretics (D) primarily affect potassium and sodium levels and do not directly impact calcium excretion.

Which of the following antiseizure drugs binds to an allosteric regulatory site on the GABA-BZ receptor, increases the duration of the Cl-channels openings:

  • A. Diazepam
  • B. Valproate
  • C. Phenobarbital
  • D. Topiramate
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Phenobarbital binds to an allosteric regulatory site on the GABA-BZ receptor.
2. It enhances the affinity of GABA to its receptor, increasing Cl- channel opening duration.
3. This leads to hyperpolarization and inhibits neuronal excitability, preventing seizures.
4. Diazepam (A) and Valproate (B) act on different receptors.
5. Topiramate (D) modulates ion channels but not through the GABA-BZ receptor.

Summary:
Phenobarbital is the correct answer as it directly targets the GABA-BZ receptor, increasing Cl- channel opening duration. Diazepam, Valproate, and Topiramate act through different mechanisms, making them incorrect choices.

A 45-year-old man with a family history of hyperlipidemia and heart disease presents to the emergency department diaphoretic with chest pain radiating to his left arm. An ECG shows ST segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. The doctor administers alteplase intravenously. Which of the following markers would you expect to be elevated in this patient's blood as a direct result of alteplase?

  • A. AST
  • B. CK-MB
  • C. D-dimer
  • D. Myoglobin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alteplase, a thrombolytic, converts plasminogen to plasmin, breaking down fibrin clots and elevating D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, unlike cardiac markers like CK-MB or troponin.

Which of the following antiparkinsonian drugs has also been used to treat hyperprolactinemia?

  • A. Benztropine
  • B. Bromocriptine
  • C. Amantadine
  • D. Levodopa
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bromocriptine. Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist that can reduce prolactin levels by stimulating dopamine receptors in the pituitary gland. This makes it effective in treating hyperprolactinemia. Benztropine (A) is an anticholinergic used for Parkinson's symptoms, not hyperprolactinemia. Amantadine (C) is an antiviral and weak dopamine agonist primarily used for Parkinson's. Levodopa (D) is a precursor to dopamine and is used for Parkinson's symptoms but not hyperprolactinemia.