Nokea
Tidal volume in human beings is
- A. 1000 ml
- B. 1500 ml
- C. 500 ml
- D. 4.5 ml
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 500 ml. Tidal volume refers to the amount of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. In adult humans, the average tidal volume is around 500 ml. This volume represents the typical amount of air exchanged with each breath. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the standard tidal volume in human beings. Option A (1000 ml) and B (1500 ml) are too high for a normal tidal volume, while option D (4.5 ml) is too low. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it aligns with the average tidal volume in human beings.
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During a health promotion program, why should the nurse plan to target women in a discussion of lung cancer prevention?
- A. Women develop lung cancer at a younger age than men.
- B. More women die of lung cancer than die from breast cancer.
- C. Women have a worse prognosis from lung cancer than do men.
- D. Women are more likely to develop small cell carcinoma than men.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Since the statement "Women are more likely to develop small cell carcinoma than men" is not a valid reason for targeting women in a discussion of lung cancer prevention, it becomes the correct answer in this context.
A nurse is providing care after auscultating a client's breath sounds. Which assessment finding is correctly matched to the nurse's primary intervention?
- A. Hollow sounds are heard over the trachea. The nurse increases the oxygen flow rate.
- B. Crackles are heard in bases. The nurse encourages the client to cough forcefully.
- C. Wheezes are heard in central areas. The nurse administers an inhaled bronchodilator.
- D. Vesicular sounds are heard over the periphery. The nurse has the client breathe deeply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because wheezes indicate narrowing of airways, requiring bronchodilation. Step 1: Identify the assessment finding (wheezes). Step 2: Understand that wheezes indicate airway constriction. Step 3: Appropriately intervene by administering a bronchodilator to dilate the airways and improve breathing. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Increasing oxygen flow rate does not address airway constriction. B: Encouraging coughing for crackles does not address airway narrowing. D: Deep breathing for vesicular sounds does not target airway constriction.
A patient is scheduled to have excess pleural fluid aspirated with a needle in order to relieve her dyspnea. The patient inquires about the normal function of pleural fluid. What should the nurse describe?
- A. It allows for full expansion of the lungs within the thoracic cavity.
- B. It prevents the lungs from collapsing within the thoracic cavity.
- C. It limits lung expansion within the thoracic cavity.
- D. It lubricates the movement of the thorax and lungs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: It lubricates the movement of the thorax and lungs. Pleural fluid acts as a lubricant between the layers of the pleura, reducing friction and allowing smooth movement during respiration. This function is crucial for the efficient expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing.
Explanation:
1. A (It allows for full expansion of the lungs within the thoracic cavity): While pleural fluid does contribute to lung expansion, its main role is not to solely allow for full expansion.
2. B (It prevents the lungs from collapsing within the thoracic cavity): This is incorrect as the pleural pressure, rather than the pleural fluid, prevents lung collapse.
3. C (It limits lung expansion within the thoracic cavity): This is incorrect as pleural fluid actually facilitates lung expansion by reducing friction.
Which of the following are normal breath sounds?
- A. Sounds heard over the trachea - medium pitch
- B. Sounds heard between the trachea and upper lungs - loud
- C. Sounds heard over the lung fields - quiet and low-pitched
- D. Sounds that are discrete - continuous and musical
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Normal breath sounds over the lung fields are vesicular, characterized as quiet and low-pitched. A is incorrect because bronchial breath sounds over the trachea are high-pitched and loud. B is incorrect as these intermediate sounds occur near large airways, not throughout the lung fields. D describes adventitious sounds like wheezing or crackles, which are abnormal.
What is the term used to describe the fluid buildup in the lungs often seen in heart failure patients?
- A. Ascites
- B. Edema
- C. Pleurisy
- D. Effusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edema. In heart failure patients, fluid buildup in the lungs is known as pulmonary edema. This occurs due to the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to fluid leaking into the lungs' air sacs. Ascites (A) is fluid buildup in the abdomen, not the lungs. Pleurisy (C) is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, not fluid buildup. Effusion (D) refers to fluid accumulation in body cavities like the chest or abdomen, but it is not specific to the lungs like pulmonary edema.