Nokea
To help a patient control incontinence, which food item will the nurse recommend the patient avoid?
- A. Spicy foods
- B. Citrus fruits
- C. Organ meats
- D. Shellfish
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Incontinence may be improved by omitting spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine from the diet.
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As the body breaks down protein, nitrogen wastes are broken down into urea, ammonia, and which other product?
- A. nitrogen.
- B. uric acid.
- C. nitrates.
- D. creatinine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: As proteins break down, nitrogenous wastes-urea, ammonia, and creatinine-are produced.
Exercises to increase muscle tone of the pelvic floor are known as ___ exercises.
- A. Kegel
Correct Answer: Kegel
Rationale: Women with weakened structures of the pelvic floor are prone to stress incontinence. For the female patient, Kegel exercises are helpful; 10 repetitions, 5 to 10 times a day, are suggested to improve muscle tone.
Why is a urinary disorder common in older adults?
- A. Older adults have weakened musculature in the bladder and urethra.
- B. Older adults have urinary stasis.
- C. Older adults have increased bladder capacity.
- D. Older adults have diminished neurologic sensation.
- E. The effects of medications such as diuretics that many older adults take.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, retention, and incontinence are common with aging. These occur because of weakened musculature in the bladder and urethra, diminished neurologic sensation combined with decreased bladder capacity, and the effects of medications such as diuretics. Older women are at risk for stress incontinence because of hormonal changes and weakened pelvic musculature. Inadequate fluid intake (less than 1000 to 2000 mL per 24 hours) can lead to urinary stasis. Older adults do not usually experience increased bladder capacity.
Which type of diet will the patient be encouraged to eat during the active phase of acute renal failure?
- A. A diet high in sodium
- B. A diet high in potassium
- C. A diet high in carbohydrates
- D. A diet high in fluid sources
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient with acute renal failure would need a high carbohydrate diet. Potassium and sodium are restricted as well as excess fluids.
___ is a term for severe generalized edema.
- A. Anasarca
Correct Answer: Anasarca
Rationale: The patient with nephrotic syndrome has severe generalized edema (anasarca), anorexia, fatigue, and impaired renal function.