Nokea
To prevent baby bottle tooth decay, what should the nurse instruct?
- A. Water
- B. Milk
- C. Iron-fortified formula
- D. Unsweetened fruit juice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Water. Water is the best choice to prevent baby bottle tooth decay as it does not cause tooth decay and is a good option for bedtime bottles. Milk (choice B) and iron-fortified formula (choice C) contain sugars that can contribute to tooth decay. Unsweetened fruit juice (choice D) also contains natural sugars that can be harmful to the baby's teeth.
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A client who was normal weight before pregnancy asks about the recommended weight gain during pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?
- A. 18-40 pounds
- B. 25-35 pounds
- C. 11-20 pounds
- D. 15-25 pounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 25-35 pounds. According to standard prenatal guidelines, a client with a normal pre-pregnancy weight is recommended to gain between 25-35 pounds during pregnancy. This weight gain is important for the overall health of the mother and the developing baby. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not fall within the recommended weight gain range for a client with a normal pre-pregnancy weight.
Which of the four phases of emergency management is defined as 'sustained action that reduces or eliminates long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects'?
- A. Recovery
- B. Mitigation
- C. Response
- D. Preparedness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Mitigation.' Mitigation is the phase of emergency management that focuses on sustained actions aimed at reducing or eliminating long-term risks to people and property from natural hazards. Recovery (A) involves restoring and rebuilding infrastructure, housing, and services after a disaster. Response (C) deals with immediate actions taken to save lives and prevent further damage during a disaster. Preparedness (D) involves planning, training, and equipping organizations and communities to effectively respond to emergencies.
An adolescent client has bloodshot eyes, a voracious appetite, and dry mouth. Which drug abuse would the nurse most likely suspect?
- A. Marijuana
- B. Amphetamines
- C. Barbiturates
- D. Anxiolytics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms described, including bloodshot eyes, a voracious appetite, and dry mouth, are consistent with marijuana use. Bloodshot eyes are a common side effect of marijuana due to its effect on blood vessels in the eyes. Marijuana also often causes an increase in appetite (known as 'the munchies') and can result in dry mouth. Amphetamines typically cause symptoms like increased alertness, energy, and decreased appetite. Barbiturates and anxiolytics would not typically cause bloodshot eyes, a voracious appetite, and dry mouth as described in the scenario. Therefore, the most likely drug abuse the nurse would suspect in this case is marijuana.
During the Emergent phase of a burn, the most fatal electrolyte imbalance in a burned client is:
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hypernatremia
- D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the Emergent phase of burns, the most fatal electrolyte imbalance is Hypokalemia. This is due to the shift of potassium from the intracellular space to the extracellular space, leading to low potassium levels in the blood. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Hyperkalemia, Hypernatremia, and Hyponatremia are not typically associated with the Emergent phase of burns and do not pose the same level of risk as Hypokalemia in this context.
What are sheets/forms that provide an efficient and time-saving way to record information that must be obtained repeatedly at regular and/or short intervals of time? This does not replace progress notes; instead, it records information on vital signs, intake and output, treatment, postoperative care, postpartum care, and diabetic regimen, etc. These are used whenever specific measurements or observations need to be documented repeatedly. What is this?
- A. Nursing Kardex
- B. Graphic Flow Sheets
- C. Discharge Summary
- D. Medicine and Treatment Record
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Nursing Kardex. Nursing Kardex is a tool used for documenting essential patient information that needs to be recorded repeatedly at regular intervals. It includes vital signs, intake and output, treatment details, postoperative care, postpartum care, and diabetic regimen. This tool is efficient and time-saving for healthcare professionals. Choice B, Graphic Flow Sheets, may be used for visual representation of patient data but is not specifically designed for repeated documentation of essential information. Choice C, Discharge Summary, is a document outlining the patient's care and condition at the time of discharge, not for repeated recording of ongoing data. Choice D, Medicine and Treatment Record, focuses more on specific medications and treatments rather than a comprehensive recording of various patient data needed at regular intervals.