Nokea
To prevent fungal infections of the mouth and throat, the nurse should teach clients on inhaled steroids to:
- A. Rinse the plastic holder that aerosolizes the drug with hydrogen peroxide every other day
- B. Rinse the mouth and gargle with warm water after each use of the inhaler
- C. Take antacids immediately before inhalation to neutralize mucous membranes and prevent infection
- D. Rinse the mouth before each use to eliminate colonization of bacteria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is sufficient to rinse the plastic holders with warm water at least once per day. It is important to rinse the mouth after each use to minimize the risk of fungal infections by reducing the droplets of the glucocorticoid left in the oral cavity. Antacids act by neutralizing or reducing gastric acid, thus decreasing the pH of the stomach. 'Neutralizing' the oral mucosa prior to inhalation of a steroid inhaler does not minimize the risk of fungal infections. Rinsing prior to the use of the glucocorticoid will not eliminate the droplets left on the oral mucous membranes following the use of the inhaler.
You may also like to solve these questions
The nurse is teaching a client with a history of kidney stones about dietary modifications. The nurse should tell the client to:
- A. Increase fluid intake
- B. Avoid all calcium
- C. Consume high-oxalate foods
- D. Reduce protein intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake dilutes urine, reducing the risk of kidney stone formation.
The client is admitted with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate?
- A. Low-carbohydrate,high-protein diet
- B. High-fat,low-calorie diet
- C. Low-protein,high-carbohydrate diet
- D. High-calorie,low-fat diet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A low-carbohydrate high-protein diet helps maintain stable blood glucose levels in gestational diabetes reducing the risk of hyperglycemia. High-fat high-carbohydrate or high-calorie diets are less suitable.
On the first postpartal day, a client tells the nurse that she has been changing her perineal pads every 1/2 hour because they are saturated with bright red vaginal drainage. When palpating the uterus, the nurse assesses that it is somewhat soft, 1 fingerbreadth above the umbilicus, and midline. The nursing action to be taken is to:
- A. Gently massage the uterus until firm, express any clots, and note the amount and character of lochia
- B. Catheterize the client and reassess the uterus
- C. Begin IV fluids and administer oxytocic medication
- D. Administer analgesics as ordered to relieve discomfort
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gentle massage and expression of clots will let the fundus return to a state of firmness, allowing the uterus to function as the 'living ligature.' A distended bladder may promote uterine atony; however, after determining the bladder is distended, the nurse would have the client void. Catheterization is only done if normal bladder function has not returned. Oxytocic medications are ordered and administered if the uterus does not remain contracted after gentle massage and determining if the bladder is empty. The client is not complaining of discomfort or pain; therefore, analgesics are not necessary.
A female client has just died. Her family is requesting that all nursing staff leave the room. The family's religious leader has arrived and is ready to conduct a ceremony for the deceased in the room, requesting that only family members be present. The nurse assigned to the client should perform the appropriate nursing action, which might include:
- A. Inform the family that it is the hospital's policy not to conduct religious ceremonies in client rooms.
- B. Refuse to leave the room because the client's body is entrusted in the nurse's care until it can be brought to the morgue.
- C. Tell the family that they may conduct their ceremony in the client's room; however, the nurse must attend.
- D. Respect the client's family's wishes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is rare that a hospital has a specific policy addressing this particular issue. If the statement is true, the nurse should show evidence of the policy to the family and suggest alternatives, such as the hospital chapel. Refusal to leave the room demonstrates a lack of understanding related to the family's need to grieve in their own manner. The nurse should leave the room and allow the family privacy in their grief. The family's wish to conduct a religious ceremony in the client's room is part of the grief process. The request is based on specific cultural and religious differences dictating social customs.
A nurse is taking a maternal history for a client at her first prenatal visit. Her pregnancy test was positive, she has two living children, she had one spontaneous abortion, and one infant died at the age of 3 months. Which of the following best describes the client at the present?
- A. Gravida 4, para 2, ab 1
- B. Gravida 5, para 3, ab 1
- C. Gravida 5, para 4, ab 0
- D. Gravida 4, para 3, ab 0
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client has been pregnant five times (current pregnancy, two living children, one spontaneous abortion, one infant death), delivered three children (two living, one died), and had one abortion.