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To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the uterus, nurses should be aware that:
- A. lightening occurs near the end of the second trimester as the uterus rises into a different position.
- B. the woman's increased urinary frequency in the first trimester is the result of exaggerated uterine anteflexion caused by softening.
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions become more painful in the third trimester, particularly if the woman tries to exercise.
- D. the uterine souffle is the movement of the fetus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The softening of the lower uterine segment is called Hegar's sign. Lightening occurs in the last 2 weeks of pregnancy, when the fetus descends.
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A client is 8 weeks pregnant and has been eating more times during the day but ingesting smaller amounts of food at each meal or snack. What is her most likely goal?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Managing waves of nausea
- C. Preventing gastric reflux
- D. Managing daytime fatigue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Managing waves of nausea. During early pregnancy, many women experience nausea, and eating small, frequent meals can help manage this symptom. Eating smaller amounts of food at each meal or snack can help prevent overwhelming the stomach and minimize nausea. Weight loss is unlikely in early pregnancy, preventing gastric reflux is not typically a goal at 8 weeks, and managing daytime fatigue is not typically addressed by eating smaller, more frequent meals.
A woman is in her seventh month of pregnancy. She has been reporting nasal congestion and occasional epistaxis. The nurse suspects that:
- A. this is a normal respiratory change in pregnancy caused by elevated levels of estrogen
- B. this is an abnormal cardiovascular change, and the nosebleeds are an ominous sign
- C. the woman is a victim of domestic violence and is being hit in the face by her partner
- D. the woman has been using cocaine intranasally
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated estrogen levels during pregnancy cause capillary engorgement in the respiratory tract, leading to nasal congestion and occasional epistaxis.
A woman at 10 weeks of gestation who is seen in the prenatal clinic with presumptive signs and symptoms of pregnancy likely will have:
- A. amenorrhea
- B. positive pregnancy test
- C. Chadwick's sign
- D. Hegar's sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Presumptive signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, nausea, and breast changes. Positive pregnancy tests and physical signs like Chadwick's or Hegar's signs are classified as probable signs.
Which time-based description of a stage of development in pregnancy is accurate?
- A. Viability—22 to 37 weeks since the last menstrual period (LMP) (assuming a fetal weight >500 g).
- B. Full Term—Pregnancy from the beginning of week 39 of gestation to the end of week 40.
- C. Preterm—Pregnancy from 20 to 28 weeks.
- D. Postdate—Pregnancy that extends beyond 38 weeks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Full Term is 39 to 40 weeks of gestation.
The penis is associated most with which system in the human body?
- A. The skeletal system
- B. The reproductive system
- C. The circulatory system
- D. The endocrine system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The penis is a primary organ of the male reproductive system, involved in sexual intercourse and urination.