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To reassure and educate pregnant patients about the functioning of their kidneys in eliminating waste products, maternity nurses should be aware that:
- A. increased urinary output makes pregnant women less susceptible to urinary infection.
- B. increased bladder sensitivity and then compression of the bladder by the enlarging uterus results in the urge to urinate even if the bladder is almost empty.
- C. renal (kidney) function is more efficient when the woman assumes a supine position.
- D. using diuretics during pregnancy can help keep kidney function regular.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: First bladder sensitivity and then compression of the bladder by the uterus result in the urge to urinate more often.
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The woman who is primigravida is in the clinic for her first prenatal visit. She states that she has experienced dizziness when she gets out of bed and sometimes when she stands up from a sitting position. What is the reason for this?
- A. She is experiencing hypoglycemia from being diabetic.
- B. She is standing up too quickly and must be careful to avoid injury.
- C. She needs to drink more fluids to prevent orthostatic hypotension and it will clear up soon.
- D. She is not getting enough exercise, so circulation to the head and upper extremities is less than optimal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: She is standing up too quickly and must be careful to avoid injury. When a person stands up quickly, blood pools in the lower extremities, causing a momentary drop in blood pressure. This sudden drop can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness. This phenomenon is known as orthostatic hypotension. It is common during pregnancy due to the hormonal and physiological changes that affect blood pressure regulation.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: She is experiencing hypoglycemia from being diabetic - There is no information provided in the scenario to suggest that the woman is diabetic or experiencing low blood sugar levels.
C: She needs to drink more fluids to prevent orthostatic hypotension and it will clear up soon - While staying hydrated is important, simply drinking more fluids may not address the underlying issue of orthostatic hypotension caused by rapid changes in position.
D: She is not getting enough exercise, so circulation to the
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the cervix, vagina, and position of the fetus, nurses should be aware that:
- A. because of a number of changes in the cervix, abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests
are much easier to evaluate. - B. Quickening is a technique of palpating the fetus to engage it in passive movement.
- C. the deepening color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix (Chadwick's sign) usually appears in the second trimester or later as the vagina prepares to stretch during labor.
- D. increased vascularity of the vagina increases sensitivity and may lead to a high degree of arousal, especially in the second trimester.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because increased vascularity of the vagina during pregnancy leads to heightened sensitivity and can result in increased arousal, especially in the second trimester. This is due to increased blood flow and hormonal changes affecting the vaginal tissues. This physiological response is a normal part of pregnancy and can enhance sexual experiences for some women.
A is incorrect because changes in the cervix do not impact the evaluation of abnormal Pap tests. B is incorrect as quickening refers to the first perception of fetal movements by the pregnant woman, not palpating the fetus. C is incorrect as Chadwick's sign, the deepening color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix, typically appears in the first trimester, not the second trimester.
The musculoskeletal system adapts to the changes that occur during pregnancy. A woman can expect to experience what change?
- A. Her center of gravity will shift backwar
- B. She will have increased lordosis.
- C. She will have increased abdominal muscle tone
- D. She will notice decreased mobility of her pelvic joints
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: She will have increased lordosis. During pregnancy, the increased weight of the growing uterus causes the center of gravity to shift forward, leading to an increased curvature of the lower back known as lordosis. This change helps to maintain balance and support the added weight.
A: Her center of gravity will shift backward - This is incorrect as the center of gravity shifts forward during pregnancy due to the growing uterus.
C: She will have increased abdominal muscle tone - This is incorrect as abdominal muscles may actually stretch and weaken during pregnancy to accommodate the growing baby.
D: She will notice decreased mobility of her pelvic joints - This is incorrect as hormonal changes during pregnancy can actually lead to increased mobility of pelvic joints to prepare for childbirth.
A client in her third trimester reports increased perineal pressure. Which is the clinical cause for this complaint?
- A. Fundal height
- B. Urinary infection
- C. Constipation
- D. Hydramnios
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fundal height. In the third trimester, the growing uterus causes increased pressure on the pelvic organs, leading to perineal pressure. Fundal height measures the height of the uterus and correlates with gestational age, indicating the position and size of the fetus. As the uterus grows, fundal height increases, causing pressure on the perineal area. Urinary infection (B) can cause discomfort but would present with other symptoms like burning urination. Constipation (C) may cause discomfort but typically does not lead to increased perineal pressure. Hydramnios (D) refers to excess amniotic fluid, which can lead to abdominal distension but is not directly related to perineal pressure.
An 'average' menstrual cycle lasts around how many days?
- A. 36
- B. 28
- C. 42
- D. 7
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The average menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days, though variations are common.