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To remove the ingested poisonous substance, the physician ordered a gastric lavage. What is the role of the nurse immediately prior to the procedure?
- A. Get the right size of the nasogastric tube
- B. Remind parents to be careful next time
- C. Obtain an informed consent immediately
- D. Tell the parent that they are negligent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prior to a gastric lavage procedure, it is essential for the nurse to ensure the correct size of the nasogastric tube is selected. The appropriate size of the tube will allow for effective removal of the ingested poisonous substance during the procedure. Proper sizing also helps in preventing complications such as injury to the gastrointestinal tract or inadequate removal of the substance. This step is crucial for the safe and successful completion of gastric lavage. Reminding parents to be careful, obtaining informed consent immediately, or accusing them of negligence are not immediate responsibilities of the nurse in this context.
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To prevent complications from their heart disease the nurse recommends to the patient regular monitoring of their blood
- A. Cholesterol
- B. Type
- C. Nitrogen
- D. Oxygenation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse recommends regular monitoring of the patient's blood cholesterol levels to prevent complications from their heart disease. High levels of cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart problems such as heart attacks and strokes. Monitoring cholesterol levels allows healthcare providers to assess the patient's risk and make appropriate recommendations for managing their heart disease. Regular monitoring can help track the effectiveness of lifestyle changes or medications in lowering cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of complications.
Which of the following are some elements of primary health care except?
- A. Use of appropriate technology
- B. Safe water supply
- C. Free medicines
- D. Maternal child care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary health care encompasses a wide range of essential health services. While services such as the use of appropriate technology, safe water supply, and maternal child care are components of primary health care, providing free medicines is not typically considered a core element. Primary health care emphasizes accessibility, affordability, and basic health services, but free medicines may not always be sustainable or feasible in every healthcare setting. Patients may be required to pay for medications, utilize health insurance, or receive medications through public health programs, rather than always receiving them for free.
A patient presents with gradual-onset memory loss, impaired judgment, and personality changes. Over time, the patient develops difficulty with language, motor function, and coordination. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Huntington's disease
- D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms described such as memory loss, impaired judgment, personality changes, difficulty with language, motor function, and coordination all point towards Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects memory and cognitive functions. Over time, it leads to severe impairment in daily activities and overall functioning. While Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and ALS can also present with neurological symptoms, the combination of gradual-onset memory loss, cognitive decline, and functional impairments seen in this scenario is most characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
A nurse is preparing to perform a bladder catheterization for a patient with urinary retention. What action should the nurse prioritize to minimize the risk of infection?
- A. Using sterile gloves and a surgical mask during catheterization
- B. Cleansing the perineal area with povidone-iodine solution before catheter insertion
- C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics before the catheterization procedure
- D. Using aseptic technique and sterile equipment during catheter insertion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Using aseptic technique and sterile equipment during catheter insertion is crucial for minimizing the risk of infection during bladder catheterization. Aseptic technique involves maintaining a sterile field, washing hands thoroughly, using sterile gloves, and ensuring that all equipment used is sterile. By following these practices, the nurse can prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary tract, reducing the likelihood of infection in the patient. While cleansing the perineal area with antiseptic solutions is important for general hygiene, the priority for infection prevention during catheterization lies in maintaining a sterile environment during the procedure. Administering prophylactic antibiotics is not routinely recommended for catheterization unless there are specific risk factors present.
A patient expresses religious beliefs that conflict with a recommended treatment plan. What is the nurse's best approach?
- A. Disregard the patient's religious beliefs and insist on the recommended treatment.
- B. Listen actively to the patient's religious beliefs, respect their autonomy, and explore alternative options.
- C. Ignore the patient's religious beliefs and proceed with implementing the recommended treatment.
- D. Tell the patient that their religious beliefs are irrelevant to their medical care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best approach for the nurse in this situation is to listen actively to the patient's religious beliefs, respect their autonomy, and explore alternative treatment options. It is important for the nurse to understand and acknowledge the patient's perspective, even if it conflicts with the recommended treatment plan. By showing respect for the patient's beliefs and involving them in the decision-making process, the nurse can work collaboratively with the patient to find a solution that aligns with their religious beliefs while also addressing their medical needs. This approach promotes patient-centered care and helps build a trusting and therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient.