Essential of Pediatric Nursing Test Bank

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To return a patient with hyponatremia to normal sodium levels, it is safer to restrict fluid intake than to administer sodium:

  • A. In patients who are unconscious
  • B. In patients who show neurologic
  • C. To prevent fluid overload symptoms
  • D. To prevent dehydration
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is safer to restrict fluid intake rather than administer sodium to return a patient with hyponatremia to normal sodium levels to prevent fluid overload symptoms. Restoring normal sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia requires caution to prevent rapid correction which can lead to osmotic demyelination syndrome. By restricting fluid intake, the dilutional effect on sodium levels can be reduced, aiding in a safer and more controlled correction of hyponatremia without causing fluid overload. Administering sodium can lead to rapid changes in sodium levels, increasing the risk of complications.

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Which of the ff. would the nurse explain to the patient is the triad of symptoms associated with Meniere's disease?

  • A. Hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus
  • B. Nausea, vomiting and pain
  • C. Nystagmus, headache and vomiting
  • D. Nystagmus, vomiting and pain
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by the triad of symptoms including hearing loss, vertigo (a spinning sensation), and tinnitus (ringing in the ear). These symptoms can occur episodically and may be associated with a feeling of fullness in the affected ear. Other symptoms such as nausea and vomiting may sometimes accompany the episodes of vertigo, but the classic triad of Meniere's disease consists of hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. Nystagmus, headache, and pain are not typically part of the classic presentation of Meniere's disease.

Between 2-6 months of life, all are true about infant sleep EXCEPT

  • A. total sleep hours are about 14-16 hr/24 hr
  • B. sleeps about 9-10 hr concentrated at night
  • C. sleeps 2 naps/day
  • D. the sleep cycle time is similar to that of adults
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Infant sleep cycles are shorter and differ from adult patterns.

When the nurse interviews an adolescent, which is especially important?

  • A. Focus the discussion on the peer group.
  • B. Allow an opportunity to express feelings.
  • C. Emphasize that confidentiality will always be maintained.
  • D. Use the same type of language as the adolescent.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When the nurse interviews an adolescent, allowing an opportunity for the adolescent to express their feelings is especially important. Adolescents are at a stage in life where they are developing their own identity and dealing with a range of emotions. Providing a safe space for them to open up about their thoughts and feelings can help the nurse better understand and address their needs. This can also build a trustful relationship between the nurse and the adolescent, leading to more effective communication and care.

Regarding the gross motor skills, a 2-year-old child can

  • A. heel-toe walk
  • B. balance on each foot 6 sec
  • C. walk up and down stairs
  • D. balance well on each foot
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A 2-year-old typically can walk up and down stairs with support.

The nurse is using the FLACC scale to rate the pain level in a 9-month-old. Which is the nurse's best response to the father's question of what the FLACC scale is?

  • A. It estimates a child's level of pain utilizing vital sign information.
  • B. It estimates a child's level of pain based on parents' perception.
  • C. It estimates a child's level of pain utilizing behavioral and physical responses.
  • D. It estimates a child's level of pain utilizing a numeric scale from 0 to 5.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The FLACC scale uses observable behavioral and physical responses (facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, and consolability) to estimate pain.

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