Nokea
Transient tachypnea of the neonate develops due to what pathophysiologic phenomenon?
- A. failure to clear lung fluid by the usual mechanism
- B. failure of the patent ductus arteriosus to close
- C. insufficient surfactant production
- D. aspiration of meconium during vaginal or cesarean birth that interferes with surfactant activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because transient tachypnea of the neonate is primarily caused by the failure to clear lung fluid by the usual mechanism. During birth, the baby may not expel the lung fluid properly, leading to respiratory distress. This results in rapid breathing (tachypnea) due to the retained fluid in the lungs. The other choices are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the pathophysiology of transient tachypnea. Choice B involves the heart (patent ductus arteriosus), choice C relates to insufficient surfactant production seen in respiratory distress syndrome, and choice D mentions meconium aspiration syndrome, which is a different condition caused by the aspiration of meconium into the lungs, not related to the failure to clear lung fluid.
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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to parents of a newborn. The baby had no medical problems and is healthy other than having failed an automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) hearing test conducted in the nursery. What information does the nurse provide?
- A. AABR tests are conclusive and the baby is deaf.
- B. Background noise may have interfered with the test.
- C. The babys hearing should be retested within 1 month.
- D. The baby should have another hearing test next week.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Babies who fail a hearing screening test at birth should have a follow-up test within a month. The AARB test can be conducted in the presence of background noise. The results are not conclusive (it is a screening device)
A maculopapular rash with a red base and a small white papule in the center is commonly known as
- A. milia.
- B. Mongolian spots.
- C. erythema toxicum.
- D. CafÃ-au-lait spots.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: erythema toxicum. This rash is characterized by red macules with small white papules in the center. Erythema toxicum is a common benign rash in newborns, usually appearing in the first few days of life. Milia (A) are tiny white bumps on the skin, Mongolian spots (B) are blue-gray birthmarks, and Café-au-lait spots (D) are flat, light brown spots. In this case, the description of a maculopapular rash with a red base and a small white papule matches the characteristics of erythema toxicum, making it the correct choice.
Which is the first step in assisting the breastfeeding mother to nurse her infant?
- A. Assess the woman's knowledge of breastfeeding.
- B. Provide instruction on the composition of breast milk.
- C. Discuss the hormonal changes that trigger the milk-ejection reflex.
- D. Help her obtain a comfortable position and place the infant to the breast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing the woman's knowledge of breastfeeding is crucial to understand her current understanding and skill level. By doing so, the tutor can identify any misconceptions or gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. This step lays the foundation for providing tailored education and support to the mother.
Choice B is incorrect because providing instruction on the composition of breast milk is informative but not the first step in assisting the breastfeeding mother. Choice C is incorrect as discussing hormonal changes is important but not the initial step. Choice D is incorrect because helping the mother obtain a comfortable position and placing the infant to the breast should come after assessing her knowledge to ensure effective nursing.
The nurse is evaluating the involution of a woman who is 3 days post partum. Which of the following finding would the nurse evaluate as normal?
- A. Fundus 1 cm above the umbilicus, lochia rosa.
- B. Fundus 2 cm above the umbilicus, lochia alba.
- C. Fundus 2 cm below the umbilicus, lochia rubra.
- D. Fundus 3 cm below the umbilicus, lochia serosa.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By day 3, the fundus should descend to 3 cm below the umbilicus, and lochia should transition to serosa.
Which assessment findings would the nurse expect to find on a newborn who delivered 24 hours ago?
- A. Blood pressure of 120/80
- B. Heart rate of 145 beats per minute
- C. Temperature of 96.8°F
- D. Respiratory rate: 62 breaths per minute
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heart rate of 145 beats per minute. This is expected in a newborn as their heart rate can range from 120-160 bpm. This indicates normal cardiac function. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A newborn's blood pressure is usually lower than 120/80. The normal temperature for a newborn is around 98.6-99.5°F. A respiratory rate of 62 breaths per minute is higher than normal for a newborn.