ATI Pediatrics Test Bank

ATI Pediatrics Test Bank Related

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Treat ventricular hypertrophy of endocarditis. 108 All the following are examples of Acyanotic heart defects Except :

  • A. PDA
  • B. ASD
  • C. TOF
  • D. VSD
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ventricular hypertrophy of endocarditis is a cardiac condition resulting from inflammation and infection of the endocardium along with hypertrophy of the ventricular walls. It requires specific treatment with appropriate antibiotics to manage the infection and inflammation. TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot) is a cyanotic heart defect characterized by four specific heart abnormalities (pulmonary valve stenosis, overriding aorta, VSD, and right ventricular hypertrophy). The question asks for an example of an acyanotic heart defect, where blood can flow through the heart without mixing poorly oxygenated and well-oxygenated blood. PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus), ASD (Atrial Septal Defect), and VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect) are all examples of acyanotic heart defects as they do not cause a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

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Steve is diagnosed with celiac disease and experiences celiac crisis secondary to upper respiratory tract infection; which of the following would Nurse Nancy expect to assess?

  • A. Lethargy
  • B. Weight gain
  • C. Respiratory distress
  • D. Watery diarrhea
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a celiac crisis, which is a severe form of reaction to gluten ingestion in individuals with celiac disease, symptoms can include severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and lethargy. The upper respiratory tract infection adds an additional stressor to the body, further worsening the symptoms. Lethargy is often seen in such cases due to the body's reaction to the illness and malabsorption of nutrients caused by celiac disease. While weight loss is common in celiac disease due to malabsorption, weight gain is unlikely in a celiac crisis. Respiratory distress is not a typical symptom directly related to celiac disease or its crisis. Watery diarrhea can be a common symptom of celiac disease, but specific to the question, lethargy would be the most expected assessment finding in Steve's case.

When caring for a client with diabetes insipidus, the nurse expects to administer:

  • A. Vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic)
  • B. Regular insulin
  • C. Furosemide (Lasix)
  • D. 10% dextrose
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to conserve water due to reduced secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. Therefore, the treatment for diabetes insipidus typically involves administering synthetic vasopressin, such as desmopressin (DDAVP) or vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic), to replace the deficient hormone and help the kidneys reabsorb more water. Vasopressin helps regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output, and preventing dehydration. Therefore, the nurse would expect to administer vasopressin to a client with diabetes insipidus to help manage the condition effectively.

A nurse is assessing a child with kwashiorkor disease. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?

  • A. Thin wasted extremities with a prominent abdomen
  • B. Constipation
  • C. Elevated hemoglobin
  • D. High levels of protein
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe acute malnutrition characterized by a deficiency in protein intake, leading to a protein-energy malnutrition. One of the hallmark signs of kwashiorkor is an enlarged, protruding abdomen due to fluid retention in the tissues (edema), giving the appearance of a swollen belly. Additionally, individuals with kwashiorkor often have thin, wasted extremities while their abdomen appears disproportionately distended. This is known as the "big belly, skinny limbs" presentation, which arises due to the imbalance of protein and energy intake. Therefore, the nurse assessing a child with kwashiorkor should expect to find thin wasted extremities with a prominent abdomen.

Joel's parents ask if-their other children will be affected by the disorder. Which of the following statements should guide the nurse in her response? a.All the girls will be normal and the other son a carrier

  • A. All the girls will be carriers and one half the boys will be affected
  • B. Each son has a chance of being affected and each daughter a 50% chance of being a carrier
  • C. Each son has 50% chance of being affected or a carrier, and the girls will be all carriers.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Which is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?

  • A. Pyelonephritis
  • B. Tubular destruction
  • C. Urinary tract obstruction
  • D. Inadequate perfusion
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Inadequate perfusion, usually due to conditions such as shock or severe dehydration, is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys impairs their ability to function properly and filter waste products from the blood. This can lead to a rapid decline in kidney function and the development of acute renal failure. Other potential causes such as pyelonephritis, tubular destruction, and urinary tract obstruction can also result in acute renal failure, but inadequate perfusion is the most common trigger, especially in pediatric patients.

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