Microbiology Chapter 10 Test Bank

Microbiology Chapter 10 Test Bank Related

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Tuberculine was injected intracutaneously to the child for tuberculin test. Marked hyperemia, tissue infiltration developed on the place of injection in 24 hours. What mechanism caused these modifications?

  • A. Cells cytotoxity
  • B. Reagin type cytotoxity
  • C. Granuloma formation
  • D. Immunocomplex cytotoxity
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Granuloma formation. In response to tuberculosis antigen (tuberculin), the immune system forms a granuloma at the injection site as a defense mechanism. Granulomas are organized collections of immune cells that wall off the antigen and prevent its spread. This process involves macrophages, T cells, and fibroblasts.

Choice A (Cells cytotoxity) is incorrect because tuberculin test does not involve direct cell cytotoxicity. Choice B (Reagin type cytotoxity) is incorrect as reagin type hypersensitivity is associated with allergic reactions, not granuloma formation. Choice D (Immunocomplex cytotoxity) is also incorrect as immunocomplex cytotoxicity refers to tissue damage caused by immune complexes, not granuloma formation.

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Method for rapid diagnosis of some viral infections is

  • A. immunofluorescence method
  • B. demonstration of antibodies by viral neutralization reaction
  • C. electron microscopic method for detection of specific antibodies
  • D. all three answers are correct
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because utilizing all three methods—immunofluorescence, viral neutralization reaction, and electron microscopy—provides a comprehensive and rapid diagnosis of various viral infections. Immunofluorescence detects viral antigens directly, viral neutralization reaction demonstrates the presence of specific antibodies, and electron microscopy visualizes viral particles. This combination ensures accurate and quick identification of different viruses. Choices A, B, and C alone may not cover all aspects of viral diagnosis, making them less effective compared to the comprehensive approach of using all three methods.

A bloodborne training program for certain professions was established by and is required by

  • A. OSHA.
  • B. CDC.
  • C. NIA.
  • D. WHO.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: OSHA. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for setting and enforcing safety standards in the workplace, including bloodborne pathogen training requirements. OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard mandates training for certain at-risk professions to prevent exposure to bloodborne diseases. The CDC (Choice B) focuses on disease prevention and control, not regulatory enforcement. NIA (Choice C) is the National Institute on Aging and not relevant to bloodborne training. WHO (Choice D) is the World Health Organization, which sets global health standards but does not regulate workplace safety in the same capacity as OSHA.

All of the following infections may recur during pregnancy except:

  • A. Epstein-Barr virus infections
  • B. herpes simplex virus infections
  • C. streptococcal infections
  • D. polyomavirus infections
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: polyomavirus infections. Polyomavirus infections do not typically recur during pregnancy because once the virus infects the body, it remains latent without causing recurrent infections. In contrast, choices A, B, and C can recur during pregnancy due to their ability to reactivate from latency or reinfect the host. Epstein-Barr virus infections (choice A) can lead to infectious mononucleosis, herpes simplex virus infections (choice B) can cause recurrent genital or oral herpes outbreaks, and streptococcal infections (choice C) can result in recurrent throat or skin infections.

Which of the following hepatitis viruses is NOT a RNA virus?

  • A. Hepatitis G virus
  • B. Hepatitis B virus
  • C. Hepatitis A virus
  • D. Hepatitis E virus
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatitis B virus. This is because Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus, not an RNA virus. The other choices, A (Hepatitis G virus), C (Hepatitis A virus), and D (Hepatitis E virus) are all RNA viruses. Hepatitis B virus is unique as it contains partially double-stranded DNA. DNA viruses replicate through a DNA intermediate, unlike RNA viruses which directly use RNA. Therefore, Hepatitis B virus stands out as the only DNA virus among the given options.

Presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the air can be detected by presence of sanitary representative bacteria. Choose bacteria that are indicators of direct epidemiological danger:

  • A. Hemolytic streptococci B.Sarcina C.Molds D.Yeast E.Micrococci
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemolytic streptococci. Hemolytic streptococci are pathogenic bacteria that can cause severe infections in humans, indicating direct epidemiological danger. Hemolytic streptococci are commonly found in the respiratory tract and can be transmitted through the air, making them a good indicator of pathogenic microorganisms in the air.

Summary:
- B: Sarcina, molds, yeast, and Micrococci are not typically indicators of direct epidemiological danger related to pathogenic microorganisms in the air.
- Hemolytic streptococci, on the other hand, are pathogenic bacteria that can cause serious infections and are commonly transmitted through the air, making them a suitable indicator in this context.