Nokea
Two months after an adolescent's thoracic spinal cord injury, he complains of a pounding headache. The nurse notes that the client's arms and face are flushed and he is diaphoretic. What should the nurse do next?
- A. Check the patency of the urinary catheter.
- B. Lower the adolescent's head below his knees.
- C. Place the adolescent flat on his back.
- D. Prepare to administer epinephrine subcutaneously.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These symptoms suggest autonomic dysreflexia, often triggered by bladder distension; checking the catheter is the first step.
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After teaching the parents about the cause of ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis), which of the following, if stated by the father, indicates successful teaching?
- A. It results from overexposure to the sun.
- B. It's caused by infestation with a mite.
- C. It's a fungal infection of the scalp.
- D. It's an allergic reaction.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tinea capitis is caused by a fungal infection, not mites, sun exposure, or allergies.
A 9-month-old infant with eczema has lesions that are secondarily infected. Which of the following is most appropriate to help the parents best meet the needs of the child?
- A. Preventing siblings from being in close contact.
- B. Sending the child to day care as usual.
- C. Playing video games for several hours each evening.
- D. Playing with the child every day.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Playing with the child daily promotes emotional bonding and normal development, which is critical for a 9-month-old. Preventing sibling contact is unnecessary unless siblings are ill, day care may risk further infection, and video games are inappropriate for an infant.
The parent of a child with spastic cerebral palsy and a communication disorder tells the nurse, 'He seems so restless. I think he is in pain.' The nurse should:
- A. Assess the child for pain using the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale.
- B. Assess the child using the pediatric FACES scale.
- C. Administer the pain medication which is ordered to be given as needed and assess the response.
- D. Notify the primary care provider of the change in behavior.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The FLACC scale is appropriate for assessing pain in children with communication disorders, as it relies on observable behaviors rather than verbal reports.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with sickle cell disease. To instruct them on how to prevent sickle cell crisis, she should include which instruction?
- A. Restrict the child's fluid intake to less than 1 quart per day.
- B. Start up a 1½ quarts of fluids per day.
- C. Stay away from other teenagers.
- D. Avoid physical activity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adequate hydration (1½ quarts daily) prevents blood viscosity, reducing the risk of sickle cell crisis. Other options are incorrect or overly restrictive.
A parent brings a 4-month-old to the clinic for a regular well visit and expresses concern that the infant is not developing appropriately. Which findings in the infant would indicate the need for further developmental screening?
- A. Has no interest in peek-a-boo games.
- B. Does not turn front to back.
- C. Does not babble.
- D. Continues to have head lag.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Head lag at 4 months suggests delayed motor development, requiring further evaluation.