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Upon interview, the patient reported the she often felt nauseated, restless, perspired a lot, felt fatigued, and was often hungry when she was younger. What do these signs indicate?
- A. Diabetic Nephropathy
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Diabetic retinopathy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The signs reported by the patient, such as feeling nauseated, restless, sweating excessively, fatigue, and increased hunger, are indicative of hypoglycemia, which is characterized by low blood sugar levels. In individuals with hypoglycemia, these symptoms can occur when the blood glucose levels drop too low, leading to disturbances in the body's energy supply. This is common in individuals who may have experienced episodes of low blood sugar, especially if they have a history of diabetes or are taking medications that lower blood sugar levels. Diabetic nephropathy, hyperglycemia, and diabetic retinopathy are conditions associated with high blood sugar levels and are not consistent with the symptoms described by the patient.
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A patient with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) presents with sudden onset dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and hemoptysis. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for confirming the diagnosis?
- A. Chest X-ray
- B. Electrocardiography (ECG)
- C. D-dimer assay
- D. Spiral computed tomography (CT) angiography
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spiral CT angiography is the most appropriate test for confirming the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient with suspected PE. It is a non-invasive imaging modality that can detect filling defects within the pulmonary vasculature indicative of a clot. This diagnostic test has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PE, making it a valuable tool in the management of patients with suspected PE.
A patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrates hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis on arterial blood gas analysis. Which of the following ventilatory strategies is most appropriate for managing the patient's respiratory failure?
- A. Low tidal volume ventilation
- B. High-flow nasal cannula therapy
- C. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)
- D. Invasive mechanical ventilation with lung protective strategy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a patient with acute exacerbation of COPD who presents with hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis, the most appropriate ventilatory strategy is invasive mechanical ventilation with a lung protective strategy. This involves using lower tidal volumes and limiting plateau pressures to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury.
Incident Reports (IRs) shall be collected for the day and due investigations scheduled by the quality Department. Upon completion of the investigation, the IRS ____.
- A. must be completed and stored on the open cabinet
- B. can be stored on the table top for easy retrieval
- C. must be summarized monthly and stored in a secured cabinet
- D. classified by cate so they can be easily accessibility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Incident Reports (IRs) must be summarized monthly and stored in a secured cabinet for several reasons. Firstly, summarizing the IRs monthly allows for a consolidated overview of the incidents that have occurred, highlighting any recurring patterns or trends that may need to be addressed. By storing the summarized IRs in a secured cabinet, the information is kept confidential and protected from unauthorized access. This practice also ensures that the reports are organized and easily accessible for future reference or audits. Storing the IRs on an open cabinet, table top, or with a classification system that may not be easily understandable can lead to potential breaches of confidentiality or difficulty in retrieving and understanding the information when needed.
A patient is prescribed a loop diuretic for the management of heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with loop diuretic therapy?
- A. Hypercalcemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hypernatremia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics such as furosemide are commonly prescribed for the management of heart failure to reduce fluid overload and lower blood pressure by increasing the excretion of sodium and water. These medications promote the loss of potassium through increased urinary output. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood, is the most common electrolyte imbalance associated with loop diuretic therapy. Potassium is an essential electrolyte for proper functioning of the heart, muscles, and nerves. Low potassium levels can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Patients on loop diuretics are often monitored for potassium levels, and sometimes potassium supplements may be prescribed to prevent or correct hypokalemia.
Which nursing diagnosis is NOT RELEVANT to sexual health?
- A. Anxiety-related inability to conceive after six months .
- B. Health-seeking behaviors related to reproductive functioning
- C. Sexual dysfunction related to an unknown cause.
- D. Risk for infection related to high-risk. sexual behaviors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the given situation, the nursing diagnosis that is NOT RELEVANT to sexual health is option B, Health-seeking behaviors related to reproductive functioning. This diagnosis focuses on the patient's proactive approach to seeking healthcare services related to reproductive health matters. However, in the situation presented of a pregnant patient with sickle cell anemia experiencing fever, painful swelling, and in labor pain, the immediate priority lies in addressing the health issues related to sickle cell disease and the current pregnancy. Sexual health is not the primary concern in this scenario compared to managing the complications of sickle cell anemia during pregnancy. Therefore, the diagnosis related to health-seeking behaviors related to reproductive functioning is not as pertinent in this specific case.