Nokea
Urinary sepsis is a potential complication of any UTI because
- A. A continuous membrane lines all the structures of the urinary system.
- B. Bacteria from outside the urinary meatus can spread through the urethra to the bladder, then the ureters, and into the kidneys.
- C. Once a UTI occurs, the immune system is compromised and can no longer fight bacteria entering the blood.
- D. The total volume of a person's blood flows through the kidneys each day to be filtered, and this could allow bacteria to spread to the blood.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Bacteria can ascend from the urethra to the kidneys, and the kidneys' filtration of blood allows bacteria to enter the bloodstream, leading to sepsis.
You may also like to solve these questions
A three-way catheter is used for continuous bladder irrigation.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A three-way catheter has an additional lumen for irrigation fluid, used in continuous bladder irrigation.
You are caring for a patient who sustained a spinal cord injury 14 years ago. Two days ago, the health-care provider inserted an indwelling urinary catheter, size 18 Fr, which is to remain in place for several weeks to allow pressure ulcers to heal. The patient has had catheters off and on for many years. You note that urine is leaking around the catheter insertion site and that the patient's meatus is getting red and irritated. Which of the following actions represents the nursing interventions most likely to resolve this situation?
- A. Request medication to calm bladder spasms, which are probably the cause of the leakage.
- B. Obtain an order to remove the current catheter and replace it with a size 22 Fr catheter.
- C. Obtain an order to replace the current catheter with a size 14 Fr catheter.
- D. Obtain an order to remove the current catheter and replace it with a condom catheter.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A smaller catheter (14 Fr) may reduce irritation and leakage, as a larger catheter can cause pressure and inflammation at the meatus.
The kidneys filter waste products from cellular metabolism out of the blood and excrete it in the urine. Which of the following are the three most important waste products to be filtered?
- A. Urea, sodium, and potassium
- B. Creatinine, sodium, and uric acid
- C. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid
- D. Uric acid, sodium, and potassium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urea, creatinine, and uric acid are the primary waste products filtered by the kidneys from the blood.
Overflow incontinence
- A. Incontinence related to inability to get to the bathroom
- B. The brain does not receive a message that the bladder is full
- C. Incontinence related to bladder spasms and contractions
- D. The bladder does not empty because of an obstruction
- E. Incontinence related to weak pelvic floor muscles
- F. Loss of urine with no warning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder does not empty fully due to an obstruction, causing leakage.
You gather the following assessment data: bladder is distended, patient is complaining of lower abdominal discomfort, urinary output has totaled 150 mL in 6 hours after the catheter was discontinued, and the patient is voiding frequently in very small amounts. You decide to notify the physician. What order will you expect to receive?
- A. Order for catheterization
- B. Order for antibiotics
- C. Order for increased IV fluids
- D. Order for a diuretic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms and low output suggest urinary retention, likely requiring catheterization to relieve the distended bladder.