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Using APCAR Score, Nurse Lyca should bear in mind that this method of evaluating a newborn 's Condition is used at how many minutes after birth?
- A. 1 to 10
- B. 1 to 7
- C. 1 to 3
- D. 1 to 5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The APCAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) score is used to evaluate a newborn's condition in the first few minutes after birth. This assessment typically occurs within the first 1 to 3 minutes after the baby is born. The score helps healthcare providers quickly assess the baby's overall well-being and determine if any immediate interventions or further monitoring are necessary.
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What is the primary collaborative goal treatment for Ms. C?
- A. Resolve possible dysfunctional family roles as an adolescent
- B. Increase strong desire to eat
- C. Restore normal nutrition and weight
- D. Assist her to increase feelings of control over eating
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary collaborative goal for the treatment of Ms. C should be to restore normal nutrition and weight. This is essential in addressing the potential health issues associated with anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by significantly low body weight and malnutrition. By focusing on restoring normal nutrition and weight, Ms. C can improve her physical health and overall well-being. Resolving possible dysfunctional family roles as an adolescent, increasing the desire to eat, and assisting her to increase feelings of control over eating are important aspects of treatment as well, but the most immediate goal should be to address the physical consequences of anorexia nervosa through restoring normal nutrition and weight.
A patient expresses frustration with the healthcare system's inefficiencies. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Dismiss the patient's frustration and assure them that the system is functioning optimally.
- B. Listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the challenges, and offer support.
- C. Ignore the patient's frustration and proceed with providing care.
- D. Tell the patient that their frustration is unwarranted and unnecessary.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's best response when a patient expresses frustration with the healthcare system's inefficiencies is to listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the challenges they are facing, and offer support. It is important for the nurse to validate the patient's feelings and demonstrate empathy, rather than dismissing or ignoring their frustrations. By offering support and showing understanding, the nurse can help the patient feel heard and valued, which is an essential aspect of providing patient-centered care. This approach can also help to strengthen the nurse-patient relationship and build trust, ultimately leading to better outcomes for the patient's overall healthcare experience.
A patient is going for a coronary arterial by-pass graft (CABG) due to a 4 blocked arterial blood vessels. A surgical team has been formed with the cardiac surgeon as the head. Who is the member of the health team that prepares the pre-operative orders for the patient?
- A. Cardiologist
- B. Surgeon
- C. Anesthesiologist
- D. Medical Internist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The member of the health team responsible for preparing pre-operative orders for a patient undergoing surgery, such as a coronary arterial bypass graft (CABG), is typically the anesthesiologist. Anesthesiologists are specialized physicians who are trained to administer anesthesia and manage the patient's well-being during surgery. They are responsible for assessing the patient's medical history, determining the appropriate anesthesia plan, and prescribing pre-operative medications. Cardiologists focus on diagnosing and treating heart conditions, surgeons perform the actual surgical procedure, and medical internists specialize in the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of internal diseases. The anesthesiologist plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and comfort of the patient before, during, and after surgery.
Which of the following terms refers to the process by which antibodies coat the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement proteins?
- A. Opsonization
- B. Neutralization
- C. Agglutination
- D. Precipitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Opsonization refers to the process by which antibodies bind to the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement proteins. This coating of antibodies enhances the ability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate the pathogens effectively. Phagocytes (such as macrophages and neutrophils) are better able to engulf and digest pathogens that have been opsonized, as the antibodies attached to the pathogen surface signal to the phagocytes that they are foreign invaders. This process is crucial in the body's immune response to infections and helps in clearing pathogens from the system.
It is not enough for the nurse to listen, but she also has, to validate what she has heard. The importance of validation are the following EXCEPT _____
- A. perceptions influence the interpretation of a message
- B. most patients are cognitively impaired
- C. Eye contact does not necessarily send the same message
- D. assists clarifying thoughts
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The importance of validation in the context of communication and nursing care does not include the assumption that most patients are cognitively impaired. It would be more appropriate to approach patient interactions with the assumption that patients are capable of understanding and coherent communication. Validation is important because it helps ensure that the nurse has truly understood the patient's message, prevents misinterpretation, and fosters a sense of empathy and trust in the nurse-patient relationship. Additionally, validating the patient's thoughts and feelings can help clarify confused thoughts and promote effective communication. The other options (A, C, and D) are all valid reasons emphasizing the significance of validation in effective communication.