Nokea
Using the information provided in question #44, what would be the phenotype if the offspring is Bb?
- A. Black
- B. Black and tan
- C. Tan
- D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In genetics, when discussing the phenotype of an offspring with a genotype of Bb, the dominant trait 'Black' would be expressed. In this case, the dominant allele 'B' leads to the expression of the black color, overriding the recessive allele 'b,' which would signify tan. Therefore, the correct answer is A, 'Black.' The dominant allele 'B' in the genotype Bb expresses the black color, as it is dominant over the recessive allele 'b.' Hence, the phenotype of the offspring with the genotype Bb would be 'Black.'
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Which of the following statements is not true about enzymes?
- A. They catalyze reactions
- B. They raise the activation energy needed
- C. They have an active site
- D. They are typically proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes function by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, not by raising it. This catalytic property allows enzymes to accelerate reactions without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are biological catalysts that are typically proteins and have specific active sites where substrates bind and reactions take place. The statement that enzymes raise the activation energy needed is incorrect as their role is to lower this energy barrier. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Among all the molecules significant to biology, which of the following are considered the most important?
- A. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids
- B. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and calcium
- C. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and sulfur
- D. Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and iron
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids. These four types of molecules are crucial to biological systems. Carbohydrates provide energy and structural support, lipids serve as energy storage and cell membrane components, proteins have diverse functions in cells, and nucleic acids carry genetic information. While the other choices may have biological importance, nucleic acids play a fundamental role in storing and transmitting genetic information, making them essential in the context of biology.
Which term means alternate forms of a gene for the same trait?
- A. Genotypes
- B. Alleles
- C. Gametes
- D. Phenotypes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist for a given trait. For example, a gene for flower color may have a red allele and a white allele, representing the alternate forms of that gene. Genotypes refer to the genetic makeup, while phenotypes refer to the observable traits.
How is the plasma membrane arranged?
- A. In a single layer made of proteins
- B. In a double layer made of proteins
- C. In a single layer of phospholipids
- D. In a double layer of phospholipids
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The plasma membrane is arranged in a double layer of phospholipids, known as a lipid bilayer. This structure consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules with their hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads facing outwards and their hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails facing inward. This lipid bilayer provides a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
In the human life cycle, only sperm and eggs have which number of chromosomes?
- A. Diploid
- B. Polyploid
- C. Monoploid
- D. Haploid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In humans, sperm and egg cells are haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes (23) compared to diploid cells (46). This reduction in chromosome number is essential for sexual reproduction, allowing the formation of a diploid zygote upon fertilization. Haploid cells carry only one set of chromosomes, which is necessary for genetic diversity and the fusion of genetic material during fertilization.