Nokea
Vaginal examination is contraindicated in pregnancy in which situation:
- A. Carcinoma of cervix.
- B. Gonorrhoea.
- C. Prolapsed cord.
- D. Placenta previa.
- E. Active labour.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Placenta previa contraindicates vaginal examination due to the risk of provoking severe hemorrhage. Other conditions may require caution but are not absolute contraindications.
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The common possible cause of oligohydramnios is:
- A. Oesophageal atresia.
- B. Placental haemangioma.
- C. Renal agenesis.
- D. Diabetes mellitus.
- E. Rh incompatibility.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Renal agenesis leads to oligohydramnios because the fetus cannot produce urine a major component of amniotic fluid. Other options are less commonly associated with reduced amniotic fluid.
The full-term newborn is placed under phototherapy lights to treat hyperbilirubinemia. The nurse should assess the newborn for dehydration due to which effect of phototherapy?
- A. Decreases sodium absorption
- B. Increases absorption of bilirubin
- C. Decreases urinary output
- D. Increases insensible water loss
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phototherapy increases insensible water loss risking dehydration. It breaks down bilirubin for excretion not absorption and doesn’t directly affect sodium or urinary output.
The nurse is caring for a preterm infant who must be fed via bolus gavage feeding. The infant has a 5 French feeding tube already secured in the left naris. The nurse has aspirated the infant’s stomach contents, noting color, amount, and consistency, and has reinserted the residual amount because it was less than one-fourth the previous feeding. Prioritize the remaining steps that the nurse should take to complete this feeding.
- A. Elevate the syringe 6 to 8 inches over the infant’s head.
- B. Position the infant on the right side.
- C. Uncrimp the tubing and allow the feeding to flow by gravity at a slow rate.
- D. Crimp the feeding tube and pour the specified amount of formula or breast milk into the barrel.
- E. Cap the lavage feeding tube.
Correct Answer: D, A, F, C, E, B, G
Rationale: Sequence: Position infant on right side (D) to reduce aspiration risk connect syringe barrel (A) crimp tube and pour formula (F) elevate syringe (C) uncrimp for gravity flow (E) clear tubing with air (B) cap tube (G).
The nurse advises the parents that, to detect possible complications of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the child will require which periodic evaluation?
- A. Chest X-rays
- B. Dental examinations
- C. Hearing examinations
- D. Eye examinations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: JRA can cause uveitis, an eye inflammation that may lead to vision loss if untreated. Periodic eye examinations are essential to detect this complication early.
Which finding best indicates that a school-age child has acute glomerular nephritis?
- A. Periorbital edema
- B. Excessive urination
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Low blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Periorbital edema is a classic sign of acute glomerular nephritis due to fluid retention from impaired glomerular filtration, reflecting reduced sodium and water excretion.