Nokea
Vascular dementia is more common in individuals living in:
- A. The United States
- B. Japan
- C. France
- D. Australia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Japan. Vascular dementia is more common in countries with a high prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Japan has a high prevalence of these risk factors due to lifestyle factors and aging population. The other choices (A, C, D) do not have the same level of risk factors or population demographics as Japan, making them less likely to have a higher incidence of vascular dementia.
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When screening families for post-traumatic stress disorder following a major natural disaster, psychiatric-mental health nurses are practicing which type of disease prevention?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Tertiary
- D. Universal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection (screening) to mitigate PTSD after exposure, unlike primary (prevention) or tertiary (rehabilitation).
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia has difficulty completing tasks and seems forgetful and disinterested in unit activities. A nurse can best select successful strategies by understanding that these behaviors are due to:
- A. a lack of self-esteem.
- B. manipulative tendencies.
- C. shyness and embarrassment.
- D. problems in cognitive functioning.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: problems in cognitive functioning. In schizophrenia, cognitive deficits are common, leading to difficulties in completing tasks, forgetfulness, and lack of interest. Understanding this helps the nurse select appropriate strategies, such as breaking tasks into smaller steps. Choice A (lack of self-esteem) is incorrect as cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are not solely related to self-esteem. Choice B (manipulative tendencies) is incorrect as these behaviors are not indicative of manipulation. Choice C (shyness and embarrassment) is incorrect as cognitive deficits in schizophrenia go beyond social anxiety.
Which outcome is realistic for a client with stage 1 Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Appropriate long-term placement will be arranged to maintain caregiver's health and well-being.
- B. The client will maintain the highest possible functional level within his or her capacity.
- C. All day-to-day decisions will be made by the caregiver to relieve client of stress.
- D. The client will remain fully functional physically, since Alzheimer's affects only the brain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in stage 1 Alzheimer's, individuals can still maintain a relatively high level of functionality. This is because in the early stages, the cognitive decline is mild and individuals can still perform daily tasks independently. It is important to focus on maximizing the client's functional abilities through cognitive exercises and support services.
Choice A is incorrect because long-term placement may not be necessary in stage 1 and should only be considered if the caregiver's health is at risk. Choice C is incorrect because individuals with Alzheimer's should be encouraged to make decisions to maintain their sense of autonomy. Choice D is incorrect because Alzheimer's is a progressive disease that affects both cognitive and physical functions over time.
Several clients are members of a therapy group for clients with eating disorders. Of what particular use is this type of group therapy for treatment of eating disorders?
- A. Spending time in a group setting helps the client focus on things other than food.
- B. Interacting with clients who have similar problems helps prevent secondary gains related to being different.
- C. Focusing on problems experienced by other group members helps the client avoid having to deal with personal concerns.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because interacting with clients who have similar problems in a therapy group for eating disorders helps prevent secondary gains related to feeling different or unique in their struggles. This interaction can offer a sense of validation, support, and understanding, which can be crucial for individuals with eating disorders. It fosters a sense of belonging and reduces the feelings of isolation that often accompany these disorders.
Choice A is incorrect because the primary focus of group therapy for eating disorders is to address and work through issues related to food and body image, rather than distracting clients from these concerns.
Choice C is incorrect because the purpose of group therapy is to provide a safe space for clients to explore and address their personal concerns within a supportive group setting, not to avoid dealing with them.
Choice D is also incorrect as interacting with similar others in a therapy group has specific benefits for individuals with eating disorders.
Which nursing intervention should be included in the care plan for a patient with anorexia nervosa who is at risk for refeeding syndrome?
- A. Refeed with high-calorie foods initially.
- B. Monitor serum electrolytes closely after refeeding begins.
- C. Increase fluid intake gradually over several days.
- D. Encourage early ambulation to prevent complications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor serum electrolytes closely after refeeding begins. Refeeding syndrome can occur in patients with anorexia nervosa when there is a rapid shift in electrolytes and fluid levels. Monitoring serum electrolytes closely after refeeding begins allows for early detection of any imbalances and prompt intervention. This helps prevent serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmias or neurological issues.
Choice A is incorrect because refeeding with high-calorie foods initially can exacerbate the risk of refeeding syndrome due to rapid changes in electrolyte levels. Choice C is incorrect as increasing fluid intake gradually may not directly address electrolyte imbalances. Choice D is incorrect as encouraging early ambulation is not directly related to preventing refeeding syndrome.