Nokea
Vitamin K is administered to newborn infants to prevent
- A. bleeding
- B. neonatal jaundice
- C. gonococcal conjunctivitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, and its administration prevents bleeding in newborns who are deficient.
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A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman presents with a sensation of pelvic heaviness and states she feels like something is sitting in her vagina. On examination, the provider notes a visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall. What structural disorder of the female reproductive system is consistent with these findings?
- A. pelvic floor prolapse
- B. DES exposure
- C. vaginal septum
- D. bladder fistula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pelvic floor prolapse. This condition is characterized by weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, leading to descent of pelvic organs such as the bladder into the vagina. The patient's symptoms of pelvic heaviness and sensation of something in her vagina are classic signs of pelvic floor prolapse. Examination findings of visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall further support this diagnosis.
Explanation of incorrect choices:
B: DES exposure - This is not a structural disorder of the female reproductive system. DES exposure is associated with adverse effects on reproductive health but does not present with visible bladder protrusion.
C: Vaginal septum - This is a congenital anomaly where the vagina is divided by a septum. It does not typically present with bladder protrusion.
D: Bladder fistula - This is an abnormal connection between the bladder and another structure. While it can cause urinary symptoms, it does not typically present with visible bladder protrusion into the vagina.
The presence of bilirubin in amniotic fluid usually indicates
- A. chromosomal abnormalities
- B. Rh-sensitized pregnancy
- C. infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bilirubin in amniotic fluid suggests fetal hemolysis in Rh-sensitized pregnancies.
During the process of lactation, the breasts usually begin filling and feel firm and warm by the
- A. first day
- B. second day
- C. third day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Milk production typically increases around the third day postpartum, leading to engorgement.
Parents of newborn infants are instructed to place infants on their back to sleep to decrease the risk of
- A. gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
- B. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- C. bronchiolitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Back sleeping significantly reduces the risk of SIDS.
A common complication in the newborn infant of a diabetic mother is
- A. hyperglycemia
- B. anemia
- C. hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants of diabetic mothers often experience hypoglycemia due to high insulin levels in response to maternal hyperglycemia.