Nokea
What advice should be given to a client experiencing constipation?
- A. Encourage the client to drink water frequently
- B. Increase dietary fiber to relieve constipation
- C. Administer a laxative to relieve discomfort
- D. Encourage the client to increase physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct advice to give to a client experiencing constipation is to increase dietary fiber. Dietary fiber helps relieve constipation by promoting regular bowel movements. Encouraging the client to drink water frequently (Choice A) is also important for overall bowel health, but increasing dietary fiber is more directly related to relieving constipation. Administering a laxative (Choice C) should not be the first-line recommendation and should only be considered if dietary and lifestyle changes do not work. Encouraging the client to increase physical activity (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health but may not directly address the issue of constipation.
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Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize for a client with dementia who is at risk of falls?
- A. Use restraints to prevent the client from leaving the bed
- B. Use a bed exit alarm system to notify staff when the client attempts to leave the bed
- C. Encourage frequent ambulation with assistance
- D. Raise all four side rails to prevent falls
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Using a bed exit alarm system is a non-restrictive intervention that alerts staff when the client tries to leave the bed, promoting safety and preventing falls. Choice A is incorrect because using restraints can have adverse effects and should be avoided whenever possible. Choice C is not the priority for a client at risk of falls due to dementia as it may increase the risk of falls without proper supervision. Choice D is also not recommended as raising all four side rails can lead to restraint and should be used cautiously, if at all. Therefore, the best option is to use a bed exit alarm system to ensure the client's safety while allowing some freedom of movement.
Which type of infectious diseases are required to be reported to the health department?
- A. Staphylococcus aureus infections, including MRSA
- B. Severe cases of flu-like symptoms
- C. Common colds and non-severe respiratory infections
- D. Only contagious diseases like meningitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Staphylococcus aureus infections, including MRSA. Severe infections like MRSA are required to be reported to the health department as they pose a significant public health risk. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because severe flu-like symptoms, common colds, and non-severe respiratory infections, and only contagious diseases like meningitis do not fall under the category of infectious diseases that must be reported to the health department.
What is the primary intervention for sepsis?
- A. Administer IV antibiotics
- B. Monitor blood pressure
- C. Administer fluids
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary intervention for sepsis involves a multifaceted approach, including administering IV antibiotics to address the underlying infection and administering fluids to stabilize the patient's hemodynamic status. Monitoring blood pressure is important in the management of sepsis, but it is not the sole primary intervention. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of the above' as it encompasses the comprehensive approach required for effective sepsis management.
How should a healthcare provider assess and manage a patient with anemia?
- A. Monitor hemoglobin levels and provide iron supplements
- B. Administer B12 injections
- C. Monitor for signs of infection and administer folic acid
- D. Administer oxygen therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Question: To assess and manage a patient with anemia, monitoring hemoglobin levels and providing iron supplements are crucial. Anemia is commonly caused by iron deficiency, making iron supplementation a cornerstone of treatment. B12 injections (Choice B) are more relevant for treating megaloblastic anemia, not the typical iron-deficiency anemia. Monitoring for signs of infection and administering folic acid (Choice C) are important in specific types of anemia like megaloblastic anemia, but not the first-line approach for anemia management. Administering oxygen therapy (Choice D) is not the primary intervention for anemia unless severe hypoxemia is present, which is not typically seen in anemia.
What is the most important nursing action when administering IV potassium?
- A. Monitor for decreased urine output
- B. Administer via IV push
- C. Administer slowly and dilute in IV fluids
- D. Ensure the client drinks 500 mL of water before administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most important nursing action when administering IV potassium is to administer it slowly and dilute it in IV fluids. This approach helps prevent irritation and hyperkalemia. Monitoring for decreased urine output (Choice A) is important but not as critical as ensuring the safe administration of IV potassium. Administering potassium via IV push (Choice B) is unsafe and can lead to adverse effects. Ensuring the client drinks water before administration (Choice D) is not directly related to the safe administration of IV potassium.