Nokea
What are chromosomes made of?
- A. DNA and RNA
- B. DNA and protein
- C. Protein and RNA
- D. DNA and lipids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and associated proteins. These proteins help package and organize the DNA within the cell, playing a crucial role in gene regulation and cell division. While RNA is involved in various cellular processes, it is not a primary component of chromosomes. Lipids are not a fundamental component of chromosomes, which primarily consist of DNA and proteins.
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What breaks down into glucose to provide energy?
- A. Lipids
- B. Proteins
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose during digestion, providing energy for cellular processes through glycolysis and cellular respiration. Glucose is a primary source of energy for cells, and its breakdown is essential for powering various cellular activities. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, not glucose. Proteins are broken down into amino acids and are not a direct source of glucose. Nucleic acids are not broken down into glucose for energy production.
Which of the following is a chief difference between evaporation and boiling?
- A. Liquids boil only at the surface, while they evaporate equally throughout the liquid.
- B. Evaporating substances change from liquid to gas, while boiling substances change from gas to liquid.
- C. Evaporation can happen below a liquid's boiling point.
- D. Evaporation happens in nature, while boiling is a man-made phenomenon.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The chief difference between evaporation and boiling is that evaporation can happen below a liquid's boiling point, while boiling only occurs at the liquid's boiling point. Evaporation is the process of a liquid turning into a gas at any temperature, while boiling specifically refers to the rapid vaporization that occurs when a liquid reaches its boiling point. Choice A is incorrect because liquids evaporate throughout the liquid, not just at the surface. Choice B is incorrect as evaporating substances change from liquid to gas, while boiling substances change from liquid to gas. Choice C is incorrect as boiling is not a man-made phenomenon; in fact, it is a natural process based on temperature changes. Choice D is incorrect because evaporation can happen naturally and is not limited to man-made processes.
Which term refers to a position toward the head? Example: The hand is part of the superior extremity.
- A. Superior
- B. Inferior
- C. Medial
- D. Lateral
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Superior.' 'Superior' refers to a position toward the head, while 'inferior' is the term for a position toward the feet. In the given example, the hand belongs to the superior extremity, which includes structures closer to the head. 'Inferior' is incorrect as it refers to a position away from the head or toward the feet. 'Medial' describes a position closer to the midline of the body, while 'lateral' refers to a position farther away from the midline.
What is an electrically charged atom called?
- A. Ion
- B. Isotope
- C. Molecule
- D. Compound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge, making it electrically charged. This term specifically refers to atoms with a net electrical charge. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, not electrically charged. Molecules are formed when atoms bond together, but they are not necessarily charged. Compounds are substances composed of different elements bonded together, but they may not be electrically charged.
What do ligaments connect?
- A. Muscle to muscle
- B. Bone to bone
- C. Bone to muscle
- D. Muscle to tendon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone, providing stability and support to joints. They help prevent excessive movement in the joints and maintain proper alignment between bones during movement. Ligaments are not directly involved in connecting muscle to muscle, bone to muscle, or muscle to tendon. Choice A is incorrect because ligaments do not connect muscle to muscle. Choice C is incorrect as ligaments do not connect bone to muscle. Choice D is incorrect as ligaments do not connect muscle to tendon.