Nokea
What are general explanations that scholars use to explain, predict, control, and understand commonly occurring events?
- A. Theories
- B. Constructs
- C. Systems
- D. Propositions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Theories. Theories are comprehensive explanations that scholars use to understand commonly occurring events by organizing and explaining a set of principles or laws. Theories help in predicting and controlling events based on established frameworks. Constructs (B) refer to abstract concepts within theories, systems (C) are organized structures of elements, and propositions (D) are statements that describe relationships between concepts, but they do not provide the comprehensive explanations that theories do.
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A person who is covered by Medicaid moves from one state to another and asks the nurse at the health department why the benefits changed. The correct response by the nurse is:
- A. "Local government controls which benefits each county can provide to Medicaid recipients."
- B. "The federal government does not fund any part of Medicaid, so each state must find ways to pay for benefits."
- C. "Each state determines benefits on the basis of the present economy."
- D. "Medicaid is funded by both state and federal governments, but benefits vary from state to state."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Medicaid is funded by both state and federal governments, but benefits vary from state to state."
Rationale:
1. Medicaid is a joint federal and state program, meaning it is funded by both levels of government.
2. States have flexibility in designing and administering their Medicaid programs, leading to variations in benefits across states.
3. When an individual covered by Medicaid moves to a different state, they may experience changes in benefits due to these state-specific variations.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. While local governments may have some influence, Medicaid is primarily funded by both state and federal governments.
B: Incorrect. The federal government does provide funding for Medicaid, but states also contribute, and benefits do vary across states.
C: Incorrect. State benefits under Medicaid are not solely determined by the present economy; they are influenced by various factors and state policies.
A team of experienced nurses work together to develop algorithms that are converted into checklists to ensure standardization of commonly performed procedures. The focus of this team is primarily on which Institute of Medicine (IOM) competency?
- A. Safety
- B. Timely
- C. Equitable
- D. Patient-centered care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Safety. The team of nurses developing algorithms and checklists aims to ensure standardization of procedures, which directly relates to patient safety. Safety is a fundamental competency in healthcare, as it involves minimizing harm to patients. Standardization through checklists helps reduce errors and promote consistency in care delivery. Timely care (B) focuses on providing care promptly, equitable care (C) emphasizes fairness and eliminating disparities, and patient-centered care (D) prioritizes individual preferences and needs. While these competencies are important in healthcare, in this scenario, the team's primary focus on standardization aligns with the safety competency.
When the novice nurse asks, "What will happen if this task is not completed," which skill is being demonstrated?
- A. Priority setting
- B. Delegation
- C. Organization
- D. Clinical skills
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The novice nurse is demonstrating priority setting by asking about the consequences of not completing a task. This skill involves determining the most crucial tasks to be completed first based on their potential impact on patient outcomes. By understanding the implications of task completion, the nurse can effectively prioritize their workload. Delegation involves assigning tasks to others, organization involves arranging tasks in a systematic way, and clinical skills refer to the technical abilities in providing patient care. These skills are not directly demonstrated by the nurse's question about the consequences of task completion.
According to the Quality Chasm report:
- A. health care providers should be proactive rather than reactive to patient needs.
- B. common needs rather than individual preferences should be the priority.
- C. medical information should be confined to the primary care provider.
- D. specialized providers or case managers should control health care decisions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Proactive care emphasizes prevention and early intervention.
2. The Quality Chasm report advocates for patient-centered care.
3. Being proactive ensures better health outcomes and lower costs.
4. Reactive care may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Summary:
B: Focusing on common needs ignores individual preferences, contradicting patient-centered care.
C: Limiting medical information to one provider is not patient-centered and hinders care coordination.
D: Allowing specialized providers to control decisions may not consider the holistic needs of the patient.
A state is devastated by a tornado killing many people, destroying communication systems, utility services, homes, and medical facilities. The state requests immediate assistance from the U.S. Congress and from surrounding states. The affected state should first contact the:
- A. Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
- B. Institute of Medicine (IOM).
- C. Red Cross.
- D. Strategic National Stockpile.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC).
1. EMAC is a mutual aid agreement among states for disaster response.
2. It allows affected states to request and receive assistance from other states.
3. It facilitates coordination and deployment of resources quickly in emergencies.
4. IOM focuses on health research, Red Cross on humanitarian aid, and Strategic National Stockpile on medical supplies, but they do not provide the immediate multi-sectoral assistance needed in this scenario.