Nokea
What are groups of like cells called?
- A. Membrane
- B. System
- C. Organ
- D. Tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Groups of like cells are called tissues. Tissues consist of cells with similar structures and functions that work together to perform specific functions in an organism. Examples of tissues include muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and epithelial tissue.
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A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, and no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Nervous
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial. Epithelial tissues are made up of closely packed cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. The characteristics described in the question, such as cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, tall and thin cells, absence of extracellular matrix, and no blood vessels, are typical of epithelial tissues. These tissues serve functions like protection, absorption, and secretion, making them well-suited for lining organs like the stomach.
Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select the ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Supporting the body
- B. Hemopoiesis
- C. Conducting impulses
- D. Providing protection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Conducting impulses.' The skeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body to maintain posture and provide structure, facilitating movement, protecting internal organs, and producing blood cells through hemopoiesis. Conducting impulses is a function of the nervous system, not the skeletal system.
Which structure is a ball and socket joint?
- A. Elbow
- B. Ankle
- C. Shoulder
- D. Knee
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Shoulder. A ball and socket joint allows for a wide range of motion in multiple directions and is characterized by a spherical end of one bone fitting into a socket on another bone. The shoulder joint is a prime example of a ball and socket joint, offering extensive movement capabilities compared to other joint types like hinge joints (e.g., elbow and knee) or gliding joints (e.g., ankle).
Which of the following hormones are tropic hormones? (Select one that doesn't apply.)
- A. Somatotropin
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
- C. Antidiuretic hormone
- D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tropic hormones are hormones that stimulate the release of other hormones from target endocrine glands. Somatotropin (A) is growth hormone from the anterior pituitary that acts directly on tissues. Follicle-stimulating hormone (B) and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (D) are tropic hormones that act on the gonads and thyroid gland, respectively, to stimulate the production of other hormones. Antidiuretic hormone (C) is not a tropic hormone; it regulates water balance by acting on the kidneys to reduce water excretion.
What is responsible for the formation of fingerprints?
- A. Dermal papillae
- B. Merkel cells
- C. Arrector pili
- D. Sudoriferous glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dermal papillae are responsible for the formation of fingerprints. These structures, located in the upper layer of the dermis, contain capillaries and nerve endings that shape the unique patterns on the fingertips. When the dermal papillae interact with the epidermis, they create the characteristic ridges and furrows found in fingerprints. Merkel cells are related to touch sensation, arrector pili muscles control hair follicle movements, and sudoriferous glands produce sweat.