Nokea
What are the basic reasons American families are having difficulty adequately performing their vital health care function?
- A. structure of the health care system and family structure
- B. psychological factors affecting men and women seeking health care
- C. conditions labeled as disabilities and considered too time-consuming
- D. health care organizations (HMOs) and disconnected families
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the 'structure of the health care system and family structure'. Scholars suggest that the reasons families are having difficulty providing health care for their members lie with both the structure of the health care system and the family structure. Major factors explaining differences in utilization patterns of medical services include the lack of healthcare insurance coverage, lack of services for special populations (such as teenage males), perception by families of the health care system and the health care provider, and lack of partnership between health care providers and families in mutually addressing health care issues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the fundamental reasons related to the health care system and family structure as discussed in the provided extract.
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A client with peripheral artery disease tells the nurse that pain develops in his left calf when he is walking and subsides with rest. The nurse documents that the client is most likely experiencing which disorder?
- A. Venous insufficiency
- B. Intermittent claudication
- C. Sore muscles from overexertion
- D. Muscle cramps related to musculoskeletal problems
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leg pain characteristic of peripheral artery disease is known as intermittent claudication. The client can walk only a certain distance before cramping, burning, muscle discomfort, or pain forces them to stop, with the pain subsiding after rest. The pain is reproducible, and as the disease progresses, the client can walk shorter distances before the pain recurs. Ultimately, pain may even occur at rest. Venous insufficiency (Choice A) involves impaired blood flow in the veins, leading to swelling and skin changes but not typically pain associated with exercise. Sore muscles from overexertion (Choice C) and muscle cramps related to musculoskeletal problems (Choice D) do not present with the characteristic pattern of pain associated with peripheral artery disease.
A client who is experiencing infertility says to the nurse, 'I feel I will be incomplete as a man/woman if I cannot have a child.' Which of the following nursing diagnoses is likely to be appropriate for this client?
- A. Risk for Self-Harm
- B. Body Image Disturbance
- C. Ineffective Role Performance
- D. Powerlessness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Body Image Disturbance.' The client's statement reflects concerns about self-identity and completeness related to infertility, indicating a disturbance in body image perception. 'Risk for Self-Harm' is not the best choice as there is no indication of immediate self-harm. 'Ineffective Role Performance' is less appropriate since the statement does not directly relate to a disruption in the parent's role. 'Powerlessness' could be considered if the client expressed feelings of powerlessness specifically related to the infertility issue.
The client is being discharged with a prescription for an inhaled glucocorticoid for asthma. Which of the following statements indicates additional education is needed prior to discharge?
- A. "I will hold my breath for 10 seconds after each puff."?
- B. "I will wait five minutes after taking this medication and then gargle water."?
- C. "I will wait at least one minute between each puff."?
- D. "I will take this medication daily even if I am not having symptoms."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is, 'I will wait five minutes after taking this medication and then gargle water.' After using an inhaled glucocorticoid, it is essential to wait for 5 minutes and then gargle water to remove any residue from the mouth, which can reduce the risk of developing thrush, a fungal infection. Choice A is correct as holding the breath for 10 seconds after each puff helps the medication reach deep into the lungs. Choice C is also correct as waiting at least one minute between puffs ensures proper delivery of the medication. Choice D is incorrect because it is important to take the medication daily as prescribed to control asthma symptoms, even if the person is not experiencing any at that moment.
A clinic nurse about to meet a new client plans to gather subjective data regarding the client's health history. Which action does the nurse take to help ensure the success of the interview?
- A. Ensuring that the room is private
- B. Having the client sit across from the nurse without a desk or table between them
- C. Maintaining a distance of 4 to 5 feet between the nurse and client
- D. Adjusting the room lighting to ensure it is comfortable and conducive for the client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The physical environment of an interview room should provide optimal conditions to encourage a smooth interview and make the client feel comfortable. The nurse ensures that privacy is maintained to avoid interruptions during the interview. This helps create a safe space for the client to share sensitive information. Having the client sit across from the nurse without a desk or table between them is also important to promote open communication and build rapport. Maintaining a distance of 4 to 5 feet from the client respects their personal space and helps prevent the client from feeling overwhelmed. While adjusting the room lighting is beneficial for creating a comfortable atmosphere, ensuring privacy is crucial for establishing trust and confidentiality. Therefore, ensuring that the room is private is crucial for the success of the interview, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the importance of privacy in creating a conducive environment for the interview.
You are caring for a 78-year-old woman who is wondering why she was diagnosed with glaucoma. Although she has several risk factors, which of these is not one of them?
- A. age
- B. blood pressure reading of 143/89
- C. Mexican-American heritage
- D. 20/80 vision
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age over 60 and Mexican-American heritage are recognized as risk factors for glaucoma. Elevated blood pressure is also a risk factor due to its potential to cause optic nerve damage. While 20/80 vision indicates poor eyesight, it is not a direct causal factor for glaucoma. Glaucoma is mainly associated with factors like age, ethnicity, and certain medical conditions, rather than a specific visual acuity measurement. Therefore, 20/80 vision is not a risk factor for glaucoma, making it the correct answer. The other choices, such as age, Mexican-American heritage, and elevated blood pressure, are established risk factors for developing glaucoma, as they are associated with an increased likelihood of the condition.