Nokea
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- A. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
- B. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left atrium
- C. Left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium
- D. Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle. The heart consists of four chambers: the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. Blood flows from the body into the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, where it is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, passes to the left ventricle, and is then pumped out to the body. Choice B is incorrect because it incorrectly lists the left atrium twice. Choice C is incorrect as it rearranges the order of the chambers. Choice D is incorrect as it mistakenly switches the atria and ventricles in their positions.
You may also like to solve these questions
What are the three layers of the skin?
- A. Epidermis, dermis, subdermis
- B. Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
- C. Dermis, subdermis, hypodermis
- D. Epidermis, dermis, adipose layer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis. The three layers of the skin are the epidermis (outer layer), dermis (middle layer), and hypodermis (inner layer of fat and connective tissue). The hypodermis is also known as the subcutaneous tissue and is primarily composed of adipose (fat) tissue, providing insulation and padding to the body. Choice A is incorrect as 'subdermis' is not a recognized layer of the skin. Choice C is incorrect as 'dermis' is the middle layer, not the outer layer. Choice D is incorrect as the layer below the dermis is the hypodermis, not specifically an 'adipose layer.'
Which cells myelinate neurons in the CNS?
- A. Schwann cells
- B. Astrocytes
- C. Microglia
- D. Oligodendrocytes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelinating neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Schwann cells, found in the peripheral nervous system, are responsible for myelinating neurons there. Astrocytes support and maintain the neuronal environment, while microglia function as immune cells in the CNS, participating in immune responses and cellular debris clearance. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect for myelination of CNS neurons.
Which of the following areas of the body has the most sweat glands?
- A. Upper back
- B. Arms
- C. Feet
- D. Palms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Palms. The palms of the hands have the highest concentration of sweat glands compared to other areas of the body. This is why sweating is commonly noticed on the palms during times of stress or physical exertion. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. While these areas do have sweat glands, they are not as densely distributed as in the palms. The upper back, arms, and feet do contribute to overall body sweat, but the palms have a significantly higher density of sweat glands, making them the area with the most sweat glands.
Which types of glial cells are found in the CNS?
- A. Schwann cells, satellite cells
- B. Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes
- C. Satellite cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes
- D. Astrocytes, Schwann cells, satellite cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Glial cells in the CNS include astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. Schwann cells and satellite cells are found in the PNS. Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cells and are involved in nutrient support, repair, and maintenance of the extracellular environment. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS, playing a role in immune defense. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, contributing to the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing myelin, which insulates axons in the CNS. Understanding the specific functions of each type of glial cell is essential in grasping the complexity of the central nervous system's support and protective mechanisms.
Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
- A. Sagittal/Median Plane
- B. Frontal/Coronal Plane
- C. Transverse/Cross-Section Plane
- D. Horizontal Plane
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sagittal/Median Plane. This plane divides the body into left and right halves. The Frontal/Coronal Plane (choice B) divides the body into front and back, while the Transverse/Cross-Section Plane (choice C) divides it into top and bottom. The Horizontal Plane (choice D) divides the body into upper and lower portions. Understanding these planes is essential in anatomy as they help describe the orientation and relationships of body structures.