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What are the functions of amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Maintaining an even temperature
- B. Impeding excessive fetal movement
- C. Lubricating fetal skin
- D. Acting as a reservoir for nutrients
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The amniotic fluid provides maintenance of even temperature; prevents amnion from adhering to fetal skin; allows buoyancy, symmetrical growth, and fetal movement; and acts as a cushion for the fetus. Although the fetus does swallow amniotic fluid, it has no nutritional value. Impeding excessive fetal movement and lubricating fetal skin are not primary functions of amniotic fluid.
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A nurse is assisting with a vaginal delivery. What is the most important action to take when the fetal head begins to crown?
- A. apply gentle downward pressure
- B. administer pain relief
- C. administer analgesics
- D. perform perineal massage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: apply gentle downward pressure. This action helps prevent the baby from being born too quickly, reducing the risk of tearing for the mother. It also ensures a controlled delivery, decreasing the likelihood of complications such as shoulder dystocia. Administering pain relief (B) or analgesics (C) may be necessary but not the most crucial at this moment. Performing perineal massage (D) is beneficial for reducing the risk of tearing but is not as important as guiding the baby's head during crowning.
A pregnant patient at 28 weeks gestation reports dizziness and faintness when standing. What is the nurse's most appropriate recommendation?
- A. Rise quickly from a seated position to avoid dizziness.
- B. Instruct the patient to increase fluid intake and stand slowly.
- C. Encourage the patient to rest in bed to prevent fainting.
- D. Advise the patient to avoid standing for long periods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Instruct the patient to increase fluid intake and stand slowly. This recommendation is appropriate because the patient is likely experiencing orthostatic hypotension due to the expanding uterus compressing blood vessels, leading to decreased blood flow to the brain when standing. Increasing fluid intake helps maintain blood volume, while standing slowly helps prevent sudden drops in blood pressure.
A: Rising quickly can worsen dizziness by further decreasing blood flow to the brain.
C: Resting in bed may not address the underlying issue of orthostatic hypotension and may lead to deconditioning.
D: Avoiding standing for long periods may be impractical and may not address the need to maintain adequate blood volume and prevent sudden drops in blood pressure.
A pregnant patient is concerned about the safety of taking over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. OTC medications are safe to take without consulting a doctor.
- B. Consult your healthcare provider before taking any OTC medications during pregnancy.
- C. You can take any OTC medication as long as it is for a common pregnancy symptom.
- D. Only prescription medications are safe during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it emphasizes the importance of consulting a healthcare provider before taking any OTC medications during pregnancy. This is crucial because not all OTC medications are safe during pregnancy, and individual health conditions can affect their safety. Choice A is incorrect because not all OTC medications are safe without consulting a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the safety of OTC medications during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect because not only prescription medications are safe during pregnancy; some OTC medications can also be safe, but it is essential to consult a healthcare provider to ensure safety.
A woman who has had multiple cesarean sections is in labor. What is the most important complication to monitor for?
- A. Uterine rupture
- B. Precipitous labor
- C. Maternal hypotension
- D. Fetal malpresentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Uterine rupture
Rationale:
1. History of multiple cesarean sections increases the risk of uterine rupture.
2. Uterine rupture is a life-threatening complication for both mother and baby.
3. Signs include sudden severe abdominal pain, fetal distress, and hemodynamic instability.
4. Immediate intervention is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.
Summary:
B: Precipitous labor - Quick labor is not specifically associated with multiple cesarean sections.
C: Maternal hypotension - Important but not the most critical complication in this scenario.
D: Fetal malpresentation - While important, it is not the most immediate concern compared to uterine rupture.
A pregnant patient’s biophysical profile score is 8. The patient asks the nurse to explain the results. What is the nurse’s most appropriate response?
- A. The test results are within normal limits.
- B. Immediate birth by cesarean birth is being considered.
- C. Further testing will be performed to determine the meaning of this score.
- D. An obstetric specialist will evaluate the results of this profile and, within the next week, will inform you of your options regarding birth.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A score of 8-10 is within the normal range for a biophysical profile, indicating no immediate concerns for the fetus.