Nokea
What are the side effects of chemotherapy, and how should they be managed?
- A. Nausea, vomiting; manage with antiemetics
- B. Hair loss and anemia; manage with blood transfusions
- C. Diarrhea and fatigue; manage with hydration
- D. Weight gain and high blood pressure; manage with diuretics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct side effects of chemotherapy mentioned in this question are nausea and vomiting. These side effects are commonly managed with antiemetics to improve the quality of life for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Choice B (Hair loss and anemia) is incorrect as hair loss and anemia are potential side effects of chemotherapy but are not addressed in this question. Choice C (Diarrhea and fatigue) is also incorrect as it does not match the side effects provided. Choice D (Weight gain and high blood pressure) is inaccurate as these are not typical side effects of chemotherapy.
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What are the primary goals of post-operative care for a patient who has undergone abdominal surgery?
- A. Pain Management
- B. Wound Care
- C. Prevention of Complications
- D. Digestive Function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pain Management. After abdominal surgery, one of the primary goals of post-operative care is to manage the patient's pain effectively to ensure their comfort and promote recovery. While wound care, prevention of complications, and ensuring digestive function are also important aspects of post-operative care, pain management takes precedence as it directly impacts the patient's well-being and recovery process.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Numbness of the extremities.
- B. Abdominal cramping.
- C. Bradycardia.
- D. Positive Chvostek's sign.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal cramping is a common manifestation of hyponatremia, as the sodium imbalance affects muscle function. Numbness of the extremities (Choice A) is more commonly associated with electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia. Bradycardia (Choice C) is not typically a direct manifestation of hyponatremia. Positive Chvostek's sign (Choice D) is related to hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia.
What should a healthcare professional assess in a patient presenting with symptoms of a stroke?
- A. Assess facial drooping
- B. Monitor speech difficulties
- C. Evaluate arm weakness
- D. Check for time of onset of symptoms
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a patient with suspected stroke symptoms, it is crucial to check for facial drooping as it can be a sign of facial nerve weakness, which is a common indicator of stroke. While monitoring speech difficulties and evaluating arm weakness are also important assessments in stroke cases, they are secondary to facial drooping. Checking for the time of onset of symptoms is essential to determine eligibility for time-sensitive treatments like thrombolytic therapy, but when prioritizing assessments, facial drooping takes precedence.
A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia and frequently gets out of bed unsupervised. What is the best intervention to prevent falls?
- A. Place a bed exit alarm
- B. Use restraints to prevent the client from getting out of bed
- C. Ask the client's family to stay at the bedside
- D. Encourage frequent ambulation with assistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best intervention to prevent falls in a client with dementia who gets out of bed unsupervised is to place a bed exit alarm. This device alerts staff when the client attempts to leave the bed, allowing timely intervention to reduce the risk of falls. Using restraints (choice B) can lead to physical and psychological harm and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. Asking the client's family to stay at the bedside (choice C) may not be feasible at all times and does not provide a continuous monitoring solution. Encouraging frequent ambulation with assistance (choice D) is beneficial for mobility but may not address the immediate risk of falls associated with unsupervised bed exits.
Which type of infectious diseases are required to be reported to the health department?
- A. Staphylococcus aureus infections, including MRSA
- B. Severe cases of flu-like symptoms
- C. Common colds and non-severe respiratory infections
- D. Only contagious diseases like meningitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Staphylococcus aureus infections, including MRSA. Severe infections like MRSA are required to be reported to the health department as they pose a significant public health risk. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because severe flu-like symptoms, common colds, and non-severe respiratory infections, and only contagious diseases like meningitis do not fall under the category of infectious diseases that must be reported to the health department.