Nokea
What are THREE associated echo findings for an infant with wide spaced nipples and a webbed neck?
- A. LV systolic dysfunction
- B. Blunted abdominal aortic Doppler
- C. Bicuspid aortic valve
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These are common echo findings that can be associated with congenital syndromes affecting the heart.
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The following cardiac lesions are at increased risk for bacterial endocarditis EXCEPT
- A. mitral insufficiency
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. atrial septal defect seccundum
- D. coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ASD seccundum is generally not considered a high-risk lesion for bacterial endocarditis.
A pulmonary embolus occurring while the patient is on the combined oral contraceptive pill:
- A. Is more likely in anti-thrombin III deficiency
- B. Is more likely in protein C deficiency
- C. Is an absolute contraindication to the combined pill
- D. Is an increased risk in smokers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-thrombin III deficiency increases the risk of thromboembolic events, including pulmonary embolism, especially in patients on the combined oral contraceptive pill.
The definition of hypertension in children is
- A. average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic BP that is ≥95th percentile for age, sex, on ≥2 occasions
- B. average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic BP that is ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height on ≥2 occasions
- C. average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic BP that is ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height on ≥3 occasions
- D. average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic BP that is ≥90th percentile for age, sex, and height on ≥3 occasions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension in children is defined as BP ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height on ≥3 occasions.
Xanthomas within palmar creases are seen characteristically in
- A. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- B. Type II hyperlipoproteinemia
- C. Type IIl hyperlipoproteinemia
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Xanthomas within palmar creases are characteristic of Type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
Causes of non-bloody diarrhoea include:
- A. Shigella dysentery
- B. Campylobacter jejuni
- C. Giardia lamblia
- D. Salmonella
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Giardia lamblia is a common cause of non-bloody diarrhoea. Shigella and Campylobacter typically cause bloody diarrhoea.