Nokea
What behavior does the nurse anticipate while feeding a newborn with choanal atresia?
- A. Chokes on the feeding
- B. Has difficulty swallowing
- C. Does not appear to be hungry
- D. Takes about half of the feeding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct answer: When feeding a newborn with choanal atresia, the nurse should anticipate that the infant may take only part of the feeding. This behavior is due to the condition causing difficulty in breathing through the nose while feeding, prompting the infant to pause for air. Choice A, 'Chokes on the feeding,' is incorrect as it does not specifically relate to the feeding behavior expected in choanal atresia. Choice B, 'Has difficulty swallowing,' is also incorrect because the issue in choanal atresia is primarily related to breathing rather than swallowing. Choice C, 'Does not appear to be hungry,' is not the typical behavior seen in infants with choanal atresia; they may still display hunger cues but struggle with feeding due to the condition.
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The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a child with Addison's disease. What would the nurse expect to find?
- A. Hypernatremia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Addison's disease, adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased aldosterone production. The decreased aldosterone results in impaired sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia. Hypernatremia (Choice A) is unlikely because sodium reabsorption is impaired. Hyperglycemia (Choice C) is not a typical lab finding in Addison's disease. Hypercalcemia (Choice D) is not associated with Addison's disease; rather, it can be seen in conditions like hyperparathyroidism.
A 7-year-old child with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is under the care of a nurse. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering insulin as prescribed
- B. Monitoring blood glucose levels
- C. Teaching the child how to self-administer insulin
- D. Encouraging regular exercise
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a 7-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is monitoring blood glucose levels. This is crucial for managing and adjusting insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose within the target range. Administering insulin as prescribed is important but should be based on monitoring blood glucose levels. Teaching the child how to self-administer insulin may be appropriate for older children but may not be the priority for a 7-year-old. Encouraging regular exercise is a valuable aspect of diabetes management but is not the immediate priority over monitoring blood glucose levels.
A 2-week-old infant is admitted with a tentative diagnosis of a ventricular septal defect. The parents report that their baby has had difficulty feeding since coming home after birth. What should the nurse consider before responding?
- A. Feeding problems are common in neonates.
- B. Inadequate sucking is not significant unless cyanosis is present.
- C. Ineffective sucking and swallowing may be early indications of a heart defect.
- D. Many neonates retain mucus, which can interfere with feeding for several weeks.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ineffective sucking and swallowing can be early signs of a heart defect like a ventricular septal defect. This is crucial information for the nurse to consider as it aligns with the infant's tentative diagnosis. Choice A is too general and does not provide specific relevance to the situation. Choice B is incorrect as inadequate sucking can indeed be significant, especially in the context of a potential heart defect. Choice D is not directly related to the potential heart defect and feeding difficulties mentioned in the scenario.
The healthcare provider is assessing a family to determine if they have access to adequate health care. Which statement accurately describes how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care?
- A. After a decade of escalation, the percentage of children living in low-income families has been declining since 2000.
- B. White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than African American and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health.
- C. The proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who are overweight is decreasing, but there is a significant increase in African American females.
- D. The overall health care plan of working families may improve access to specialty care but limit access to preventive services.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is the correct answer as white, non-Hispanic children are more likely to be in very good or excellent health compared to African American and Hispanic children. This is an important disparity in health outcomes that may be influenced by various social determinants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care. Choice A discusses the declining percentage of children in low-income families, which is not directly related to barriers to health care. Choice C talks about overweight children and the increase in African American females but does not address access to health care. Choice D discusses the impact of health care plans on working families but does not specifically address barriers to health care access for families.
A nurse is caring for an infant with phenylketonuria (PKU). What diet should the nurse anticipate will be ordered by the healthcare provider?
- A. Fat-free
- B. Protein-enriched
- C. Phenylalanine-free
- D. Low-phenylalanine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low-phenylalanine diet is necessary for infants with PKU because it helps prevent the accumulation of phenylalanine, which can result in brain damage. Fat-free (Choice A) and protein-enriched (Choice B) diets are not specifically indicated for PKU. While phenylalanine-free (Choice C) may seem logical, complete elimination of phenylalanine is not practical or safe as it is an essential amino acid. Therefore, the correct choice is a low-phenylalanine diet, which restricts phenylalanine intake to a safe level.